The effects of the degradation of mucin by Streptococci on the mechanism of oral malodor

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Salivary beta-galactosidase activity from the patients complaining of halitosis was measured and compared between the periodontally healthy group and the periodontitis group. Positive correlations were observed between the beta-galactosidase activity and oral malodor levels in the periodontally healthy group. Concerning the clinical parameter, the plaque index and tongue coating score were positively correlated with beta-galactosidase activity in the periodontal healthy group. Next, the bacterial compositions of saliva exhibiting higher and lower malodor were explored in order to determine the specific microbial community related to oral malodor. In addition, the compositions of oral microbiota associated with high hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan production were determined. Tongue coating is main sources of oral malodor, and therefore the beta-galactosidase activity of tongue coating was measured.