Direct measurements of degrees of multiple ionization of biomolecules induced by energetic heavy ions

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A multiple coincidence measurement system for collision experiments between fast ions and isolated biomolecules has been developed to elucidate physical processes in the first stage of radiation effects in biological systems. The number of emitted electrons has been measured to directly obtain degrees of multiple ionization of large molecules. Coincidence measurements between the number of electrons and product ions revealed fragmentation processesfrom transient highly excited ions with specific charge states. Furthermore, momentum vectors of fragment ions were obtained by applying the velocity map imaging technique.