Identifying the unknown novel fungal groups frequently detected in deep-sea and subsurface environments and clarifying their ecological role

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Over 300 fungal species were isolated from unique deep-sea environments, including methane cold seeps, 10,000m deep-sea trench, and whale fall sites in this study. Also, many novel unknown fungal groups were revealed in deep-sea environments by analyzing fungal diversity with single cell genomics and next generation sequencer. It was suggested that the group frequently detected from methane cold seep was highly novel and an early diverged group. This study led us to understand fungal diversity and its role in deep-sea environments, through isolating many new and previously unknown species, detecting unknown fungal groups, and using expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of fungi reported only from deep-sea environments.