東日本大震災後の復興における「死」を巡るポリティックス：記憶、宗教と国家

拟议中的研究调查了灾后日本和印度尼西亚的死亡政治和纪念活动。第一组数据是在2011年遭受东日本大灾难的名取市（宫城县）的Yuriage地区收集的。我记录了许多正式的、非正式的、公开的和私人的仪式，这些仪式是为纪念“3.11”遇难者的灵魂和灾难故事而举行的。第二组数据是在2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊海啸时在班达亚齐收集的。我与Syiah Kuala University的研究人员合作，收集了有关纪念地点、仪式以及幸存者应对死亡方式的信息。根据收集到的数据，本研究主张将纪念和哀悼设施纳入灾难恢复的标准计划。灾难的创伤经历需要记忆的空间、地点和对象。纪念仪式、纪念碑、花园和博物馆都是纪念灾难及其受害者的有形和无形形式。然而，由于在提供哀悼设施方面经常出现延误，这项研究表明，在恢复期间，哀悼受害者的家属和朋友往往被单独留下处理他们的损失和创伤。它还表明，缺乏哀悼设施对社会恢复产生了直接的负面影响。通过对日本和印度尼西亚的民族志观察，本文最后认为，哀悼设施可以为受灾社区的社会恢复提供系统的基础。

The proposed research investigated the politics of death and memorialisation in post-disasterJapan and Indonesia. The first set of data was collected in the area of Yuriage, Natori City (Miyagi Prefecture) devastated by the Great East Japan Disasters (2011). I have recorded a number of formal, informal, public and private ceremonies carried out for the souls and memory of the victims of 3.11 and disaster story telling. The second set of data was collected in Banda Aceh on the 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, Indonesia. I collaborated with researchers of Syiah Kuala University and collected information about memorial sites, ceremonies, and the ways in which survivors deal with death. Based on the data collected, this research argues for the inclusion of memorialisation and mourning facilities within standard programmes of disaster recovery. The traumatic experiences of disasters call for spaces, places and objects of memory. Memorial ceremonies, monuments, gardens and museums are all tangible and intangible forms of remembering disasters and their victims. Because of the regular delays in the provision of mourning facilities, however, this research shows that mourning families and friends of the victims are often left alone to deal with their loss and trauma during the recovery period. It also suggests that the absence of mourning facilities has a direct negative impact on social recovery. Drawing from ethnographic observations in Japan and Indonesia, this paper finally argues that mourning facilities can form a systematic basis for the social recovery of disaster communities.