Multi-tracer study on Arctic Ocean Acidification

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We have observed distribution of calcium carbonate saturation state in the Canada Basin. Undersaturated waters were found at the surface and subsurface layers. The distributions of surface undersaturated water were mainly determined by dilution, warming/cooling and photosynthesis. For the subsurface undersaturated water (Pacific Winter Water), we have measured SF6 concentrations in order to estimate water mass ages. Results revealed that mean age of PWW in the Canada Basin is ~10 years and newer PWW is transported in to the basen by 3 pathways. We also developed a method to reconstruct calcium carbonate saturation state from salinity, temperature and oxygen data. Reconstructed values well agreed with observed values. By applying this method to historical observations, we could make a map of calcium carbonate saturation state for the entire Arctic Ocean.Furthermore, we have successfully collected seawater samples throughout the year, by using moored water samplers.