Local electronic structures of solid-liquid interfaces in electrochemical reaction revealed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy

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To better understand electrochemical reaction, it is necessary to investigate local electronic structures of electrolytes including solid-liquid interfaces at different potentials. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-selective method to investigate structures of liquid and aqueous solutions. In this study, we have developed a transmitted-type liquid cell, in which the thickness of the liquid layer is controllable between 20 and 2000 nm, and measured XAS of liquid and aqueous solutions in transmission mode. By using the liquid cell with built-in electrodes, we have successfully measured XAS of electrolytes in electrochemical reactions, and revealed the local structural changes of electrolytes at different potentials. We have also developed an in-situ operando observation system for electrochemical reaction by XAS with potential modulation method at a same scanning rate of cyclic voltammetry (100 mV/s).