Dual control living polymerizations using organic catalysts

我们开发了在活性聚合中发挥双重作用的新型有机催化剂。我们开发了三种类型的催化剂。第一种类型可以控制分子量和单体分布。我们使用有机酸和有机超强碱来改变共聚反应性以及控制分子量。第二类可以同时控制分子量和分支结构。我们使用N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺将羟基转化为聚合引发剂以及控制分子量。该技术允许从具有羟基的分子和固体表面直接合成支化和接枝聚合物。第三种类型可以通过热加热和光照射诱导聚合。我们使用，例如，胺、吲哚和碘化花青，以通过光照射以及热加热来诱导聚合。这种光聚合的独特之处在于我们可以利用宽范围的照射波长（350-750 nm）。

We developed new organic catalysts that play dual roles in living polymerizations. We developed three types of catalysts. The first type can control both molecular weight and monomer distribution. We used organic acids and organic superbases to vary copolymerization reactivity as well as to control molecular weight. The second type can control both molecular weight and branch structure. We used N-iodosuccinimide to transform a hydroxyl group to a polymerization initiator as well as to control molecular weight. This technique allows direct synthesis of branched and graft polymers from molecules and solid surfaces that have hydroxyl groups. The third type can induce polymerization by both thermal heating and photo irradiation. We used, e.g., amines, indoles, and cyanine iodides to induce the polymerization by photo irradiation as well as thermal heating. This photo-polymerization is unique in that we can utilize a wide range of irradiation wavelength (350-750 nm).