Construction and evaluation of DNA marker for the analysis of plantremains

考古遗址中出土的植物遗存是关注古代人类饮食、口味及其建立的社会背景的重要信息来源。尤其是瓜子遗存，保存完好，是考古发掘后的研究对象。因此，形态学和DNA分析是考古学研究的有效方法。本研究以构建甜瓜种子遗存DNA标记为目的，进行了以下三个方面的基础性研究：（1）甜瓜叶绿体和核基因组测序，以检测序列多态性;（2）现代栽培甜瓜序列多态性分析后的DNA标记开发;（3）冈山县志方遗址出土甜瓜种子遗存DNA标记检测。通过这些研究，构建了17个甜瓜种子残留DNA标记（叶绿体基因组：9个，核基因组：8个），并提出了栽培甜瓜的多系起源。研究结果表明，在志方遗址中使用了两种细胞质类型的甜瓜，世纪以后，现代日本特有的甜瓜是Conomon vars组。makuwa和conomon，可能会在选择过程中建立。

Plant remains excavated at archeological site is an important information source to concern about diet and taste for food of ancient people and social background of their establishment. Especially, melon seed remains is useful for research after archeological excavation, because of their well preservation. Thus, morphological and DNA analysis is effective method for archeological research. In this research, to construct DNA marker for the analysis of melon seed remains, I conducted following three basic studies; i) sequencing of chloroplast and nuclear genome in melon to detect sequence polymorphism, ii) development of DNA marker after the analysis of sequence polymorphism in modern cultivated melon, iii) test of DNA marker to melon seed remains excavated Shikata archeological site, Okayama Prefecture. By these research, 17 DNA marker for melon seed remains (chloroplast genome: 9, nuclear genome: 8) was constructed and polyphyletic origin of cultivated melon was proposed. And, the research results suggested that two cytoplasm type melons were used in Shikata archeological site and after the 11the century, modern Japanese endemic melon, Group Conomon vars. makuwa and conomon, may be established in the process of selection.