Construction and evaluation of DNA marker for the analysis of plantremains

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Plant remains excavated at archeological site is an important information source to concern about diet and taste for food of ancient people and social background of their establishment. Especially, melon seed remains is useful for research after archeological excavation, because of their well preservation. Thus, morphological and DNA analysis is effective method for archeological research. In this research, to construct DNA marker for the analysis of melon seed remains, I conducted following three basic studies; i) sequencing of chloroplast and nuclear genome in melon to detect sequence polymorphism, ii) development of DNA marker after the analysis of sequence polymorphism in modern cultivated melon, iii) test of DNA marker to melon seed remains excavated Shikata archeological site, Okayama Prefecture. By these research, 17 DNA marker for melon seed remains (chloroplast genome: 9, nuclear genome: 8) was constructed and polyphyletic origin of cultivated melon was proposed. And, the research results suggested that two cytoplasm type melons were used in Shikata archeological site and after the 11the century, modern Japanese endemic melon, Group Conomon vars. makuwa and conomon, may be established in the process of selection.