Towards complex-shaped vortex engineering and its real-time imaging

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We proposed methods to generate and manipulate quantum vortices using optical dipole potentials produced by red- or blue-detuned lasers. To experimentally realize such methods, we think that local engineering of an asymmetric AC-Stark shift between the excited state and the ground state of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate will be important. Differential AC-Stark shifts for such states were measured by monitoring the shift in a saturated absorption spectroscopy signal and the optimal wavelength for the optical dipole potential was determined from them. Further, to obtain high enough resolution that enables local light-shift engineering, we developed an optical system that provides both a large numerical aperture and a long working distance that fits outside our vacuum system.