Development of the Metal Implant Having Nano-dimples on the Surface by the Plasma Discharge in Aqueous Solution to Enhance Epithelial Attachment

种植体周围炎是由于种植体表面上皮附着不良引起的，常导致种植体取出。在本研究中，我们首先利用水溶液中的等离子体放电技术，在钛表面形成了纳米级的凹坑，称为“液中放电钛”。由于液中排出钛是一种新型材料，其性能还没有得到充分的研究，我们在二维和三维细胞培养环境中检测了口腔黏膜角质形成细胞在液中排出钛表面的附着能力。因此，我们能够通过水溶液中的等离子体放电在钛表面镀上纳米级的凹陷。我们的结果还显示了钛表面的细胞增殖和生物相容性。进一步证实，即使钛和上皮的细胞附着环境较差，上皮也不会从液体中排出的钛中分离出来。

The peri-implantitis, which is induced by poor epithelial attachment to the implant surface, often causes the removal of implant. In this study, we first developed titanium having nano-dimples on the surface by means of the plasma discharge in aqueous solution, referred to as "in-liquid discharge Ti". Since in-liquid discharge Ti is a novel material and its properties have not fully investigated, we examined the ability of oral mucosa keratinocytes to attach the surface of in-liquid discharge Ti under two- and three-dimensional cell culture environment. As a result, we were able to coat the titanium surface with nanometer order dimples by means of the plasma discharge in aqueous solution. Our results also showed the cell proliferation and biocompatibility of the titanium surface. Furthermore, it was confirmed that epithelium did not detach from in-liquid discharge Ti even if the cell-attachment environment of titanium and epithelium was poor.