Electrochemical properties of graphite negative electrodes in organic electrolyte solutions containing multivalent cation

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In this study, the relationships between the structure of solvated-lithium ion and the intercalation of lithium ion into graphite in propylene carbonate (PC) solution was investigated. In order to control the structure of solvated-lithium ion, stronger Lewis acid than lithium ion was added. Multivalent cations such as calcium ion and magnesium ion were used. Addition of a certain amount of calcium ion enabled lithium ion to intercalate into graphite at the ratio of Ca/Li = 1.1. Instead of PC, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used for the Raman analysis of the structure of solvated cation. In the DMSO-based solution, it was found that the addition of calcium decreased the free-DMSO and suggested the decrease of solvation number of lithium ion. Finally, dimethyl carbonated was added as the diluent of viscosity. The results indicated that the control of the structure of solvated-lithium ion is quite important for the further development of lithium ion batteries.