Thermal Emission from Isolated Neutron Stars: Theory and Observations

中子星是在大质量恒星坍塌核心的超新星爆炸期间诞生的。它们是研究在陆地环境中无法研究的各种物理问题的理想探测器。它们能够确定物质在极端条件下的基本性质，就像在中子星内部遇到的那样。因此，中子星表面(大气)的热辐射是信息的主要来源。因此，这类研究的基础是对大气和辐射传输进行最逼真的模拟。我们建议的主要目标是开发新的先进的中子星大气模型。这对于解释用钱德拉和XMM-牛顿进行的最新X射线观测是必不可少的。我们希望使用我们的先进模型来阐明中子星的性质和演化。

Neutron stars are born during supernova explosions in the collapsing cores of massive stars. They represent ideal probes for investigating a variety of physical problems which cannot be studied in the terrestrial environment. They enable to determine fundamental properties of matter under extreme conditions as encountered in the neutron star interior. For that, the thermal emission from the neutron star surfaces (atmospheres) is the primary source of information. Hence, the basis of such studies is a most realistic modeling of the atmospheres and the radiation transfer. The primary aim of our proposal is the development of new advanced models for neutron star atmospheres. This is essential for the interpretation of latest X-ray observations performed with Chandra and XMM-Newton. We want to use our advanced models in order to elucidate the properties and evolution of neutron stars.