Thermal Emission from Isolated Neutron Stars: Theory and Observations

中子星是在大质量恒星坍缩的核心中超新星爆炸时诞生的。它们是研究各种在陆地环境中无法研究的物理问题的理想探针。它们能够确定在中子星星内部遇到的极端条件下物质的基本性质。因此，中子星星表面（大气层）的热辐射是主要的信息来源。因此，这些研究的基础是对大气和辐射传输进行最真实的建模。我们建议的主要目的是发展新的先进的中子星星大气模型。这对于解释钱德拉和XMM-牛顿进行的最新X射线观测至关重要。我们希望利用我们的先进模型来阐明中子星的性质和演化。

Neutron stars are born during supernova explosions in the collapsing cores of massive stars. They represent ideal probes for investigating a variety of physical problems which cannot be studied in the terrestrial environment. They enable to determine fundamental properties of matter under extreme conditions as encountered in the neutron star interior. For that, the thermal emission from the neutron star surfaces (atmospheres) is the primary source of information. Hence, the basis of such studies is a most realistic modeling of the atmospheres and the radiation transfer. The primary aim of our proposal is the development of new advanced models for neutron star atmospheres. This is essential for the interpretation of latest X-ray observations performed with Chandra and XMM-Newton. We want to use our advanced models in order to elucidate the properties and evolution of neutron stars.