排水の飲用再利用プロセスにおけるエンドトキシンの制御

内毒素是细菌的副产品，如果摄入可能会对人类构成威胁。研究探索了不同的去除方法去除再生废水中的内毒素：1)长期处理土壤含水层；2)混凝和絮凝；3)通过带正电的微结构膜过滤。1)长期运行的土壤含水层对内毒素的处理效果随着时间的推移而下降。运行一年后，土壤中的细菌生长导致土壤中产生内毒素，降低了其去除效率。此外，较长的运行时间会导致土壤吸附能力的下降。2)混凝-絮凝工艺作为第一屏障，在降低水中的内毒素方面取得了满意的效果。当硫酸铝投加量为80 mg/L，pH为4.69时，细菌内毒素的去除效果最好。然而，去除DOC和浊度的最适pH为6.35。自来水和地下水中残留的内毒素浓度显着高于文献报道的值。3)关于带正电的微结构膜，本研究证实了带正电的膜是去除再生废水中内毒素的有效选择的假设。事实上，观察到使用正电荷膜去除内毒素的效率与微滤相当，甚至更高，尽管它的孔径更大。

LPS endotoxins are bacterial by-products that present a possible threat to humans if ingested. Investigation explored different removal methods to remove the LPS endotoxin from the reclaimed wastewater:1)Long term Soil aquifer treatment; 2)Coagulation and flocculation; 3)filtration through positively charged micro structure membranes.1)Long term operation of soil aquifer treatment of endotoxin proved that the efficiency decreases over time. After one year of operation, bacterial growth in the soilleads to LPS endotoxin production in the soil lowering its removal efficiency. In addition, longer operation leads to a degradation of the soil adsorption capacity.2)Coagulation and flocculation process provided satisfactory results in reducing LPS endotoxins in water as a first barrier. The highest endotoxin removal was achieved at an aluminum sulfate dose of 80 mg/L at a pH of 4.69. However the optimum pH for DOC and turbidity removal is 6.35.The residual LPS endotoxin concentration was significantly higher than the reported value in tap and groundwater. This suggests a need for further treatments for safe potable reuse.3)With respect to positively charged micro structure membranes, the study confirmed the assumption that positively charged membranes are an effective alternative for LPS endotoxin removal from reclaimed wastewater. Indeed, comparable or even better removal efficiency of LPS endotoxin Removal using positively charged membranes than the microfiltration was observed, even though it has a larger pore size.