Community-building among foreign residents during crises and its implications on the host society: The case of Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic

于2022年，该小组每月与所有成员及一名研究助理举行会议，以进行研究活动的实施、简报及出版规划。这项研究的主要框架是关于一体化进程以及预期和多中心治理。每个成员继续审查最新文献，并根据以下主题进行分析：移民融入和COVID-19政策（Kim）;劳动力迁移，风险治理（卡洛斯）;危机应对和应对机制（Makabenta-Ikeda）;日本和其他国家对COVID-19应对的政策和媒体报道（Babovic）。对科比和大坂（Kim，Makabenta-Ikeda）进行实地考察，并与半政府组织和非政府组织进行在线访谈（鸟取县和东京），调查外国居民在大流行期间面临的问题。我们发现，菲律宾人和讲俄语的居民之间存在差异：菲律宾人的网络由于缺乏进入教堂和其他实际聚会场所的机会而减弱。另一方面，讲俄语的居民集中在网上交流。目前，我们正在联系巴西相关组织，分析他们在疫情期间的社区变化，因为他们没有经历过组织支持，但大多聚集在当地团体中。我们还发现，派遣国没有为海外公民提供支持，这导致居住在国外的个人组织自助团体。

During 2022 the group conducted monthly meetings with all members and a research assistant to work on research activities implementation, presentations and publication planning. The main frameworks of the study were set on integration processes, and anticipatory and polycentric governance. Each member continued working on reviewing of the most recent literature and analyzed them based on the topics: migrant incorporation and COVID-19 policies (Kim); labor migration, governance of risks (Carlos); crises response and coping mechanisms (Makabenta-Ikeda); Japan’s and other countries’ policies and media coverage of COVID-19 response (Babovic).The group organized fieldwork activities: fieldtrips to Kobe and Osaka (Kim, Makabenta-Ikeda) and online interviews (Tottori pref. and Tokyo) with semi-governmental organizations and NGOs to survey them on the issues foreign residents faced during the pandemic. We found out that there was a difference between Filipinos and Russian-speaking residents: Filipinos' networks weakened due to the lack of the access to the churches and other physical meeting places. On the other hand, Russian-speaking residents concentrated on the online communication. At the moment, we are contacting Brazilians-related organizations to analyze their community changes during the pandemic, as they experienced no organizational support, but mostly gathered in local groups. We also discovered that sending states did not provide support to their citizens overseas, which led individuals, who live outside of their home countries to organize self-help groups.