Genetic and adaptive variation in beech (Fagus sylvatica): Which factors influence their spatial distribution patterns? (acronym: BEECHADAPT)

山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）的遗传和适应性变异：哪些因素影响其空间分布模式？

• 批准号: 61068923
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Reiner Finkeldey
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/61068923?language=en
• 关键词: Genetic; adaptive; variation; beech; Fagus

Neutral genetic diversity is high within beech populations in the exploratories and elsewhere, but poorly structured. This suggests a high evolutionary potential for adaptation within populations, but also similar adaptation potentials of populations irrespective of population history and management status. However, relationships between patterns of ‘neutral’ genetic diversity, diversity in genes of putative adaptive significance, and variation patterns at adaptive traits are complex. Accordingly, we propose (i) to identify genes of putative adaptive significance by a combination of transcriptome analyses based on massive parallel sequencing and a review of earlier studies conducted on beech and other Fagaceae (Quercus spp.), (ii) to assess the diversity in these ‘candidate’ genes for the adaptive traits drought resistance and bud burst and to compare results with the variation observed at neutral markers, and (iii) to directly observe the adaptation of seedlings in the exploratories by the establishment of reciprocal translocation experiments. We expect stronger differentiation among exploratories at genes related to drought resistance or tolerance and bud burst in comparison to ‘neutral’ diversity, and we expect that local seedlings perform better with regard to survival and growth than translocated seedlings from distant exploratories. We will also test if different type of management intensities in beech forests had an impact on ‘adaptive’ variation in ‘candidate’ genes or at the growth traits observed in translocation experiments.

在探索实验室和其他地方的山毛榉种群中，中性遗传多样性很高，但结构不佳。这表明种群内的适应具有很高的进化潜力，但无论种群历史和管理状况如何，种群的适应潜力也是相似的。然而，“中性”遗传多样性模式、假定具有适应意义的基因多样性和适应性性状的变异模式之间的关系是复杂的。因此，我们建议(I)通过基于大规模平行测序的转录组分析和对山毛榉和其他壳斗科植物(Quercus spp.)早期研究的综述，来寻找可能具有适应意义的基因，(Ii)评估这些适应性状的‘候选’基因的多样性，并将结果与在中性标记上观察到的变异进行比较，(Iii)通过建立相互易位实验来直接观察探索室中幼苗的适应情况。与‘中性’多样性相比，我们预计在与抗旱或耐性和爆芽相关的基因上，探索实验室之间会有更强的分化，并且我们预计本地幼苗在存活和生长方面比来自遥远探索实验室的移栽幼苗表现得更好。我们还将测试山毛榉森林中不同类型的管理强度是否对‘候选’基因的‘适应性’变异或在易位实验中观察到的生长性状产生影响。