A Fundamental Research of Evaluating Noise environments in Rooms in View of Mental Disturbance

本研究从噪声对精神干扰的角度对房间噪声环境进行评价。通过噪声对成绩的影响和噪声对被试人格的主观干扰来评估心理障碍。选择选择反应时间和心算作为评价噪声对成绩影响的任务。在40 ~ 80 dB(A),Leq（10 min）范围内，研究了稳定型粉红噪声、随机间歇性粉红噪声、道路交通噪声、铁路噪声、语音、音乐和空调噪声对性能和主观干扰的影响。研究发现，稳定粉红噪声与随机间歇粉红噪声在时间序列上的性能类型不同，但总体性能没有差异。此外，在50分贝(A)以上的粉红噪声中，性能有所下降。在相同噪声水平下，间歇性噪声的主观干扰比稳定噪声的主观干扰大。其次，主观干扰在50 dB(A)以上的程度最大，在稳定的粉红噪声中最大，在交通噪声中最小。与噪音水平有关的表现分为两类。第一种是在中等水平的噪音中，表现被削弱；第二种是在中等水平的噪音中，表现被提升。高频衰减的音乐和语音以及稳定的粉红噪声对第一类表现出典型的影响，铁路噪声和未高频衰减的音乐对第二类表现出典型的影响。第三，发现高内向或高神经质的被试表现出更低的表现和更大的干扰。

This study relates to evaluating noise environments of rooms in view of mental disturbance by noise. Mental disturbance was estimated by effects of noise on performance and subjective disturbance by noise in relation to personality of subjects. Choice reaction time and mental calculation were selected as tasks for evaluating effects of noise on performance. Effects of steady pink noise, randomly intermittent pink noise,road traffic noise,railway noise, speech,music and noise of air conditioning were examined on performance and subjective disturbance at levels from 40 to 80 dB(A),Leq(10 min.). It was found that performance type in time series was different between steady pink noise and randomly intermittent pink noise,but that total performance was not different.It was also found that performance subtracted in pink noise above the level of 50 dB(A). Subjective disturbance was indicated larger in intermittent noise than in steady noise at the same level of noise. Secondly,it was found that subjective disturbance was most above the levels of 50 dB(A),Leq in steady pink noise and was least in traffic noise. Performance showed two types in relation to noise levels. First type was that performance was subtracted in the middle levels of noise and the second type was that performance was promoted in the middle levels of noise. Music and speech attenuated in high range of frequency and steady pink noise showed the typical effects on performance in the first type, and railway noise and music not attenuated in high range of frequency showed the typical effects on performance in the second type. Thirdly,it was found that subjects in high introversion or high neuroticism tended to show less performance and larger disturbance.