A Fundamental Research of Evaluating Noise environments in Rooms in View of Mental Disturbance

本研究从噪声对人的心理干扰的角度对居室噪声环境进行评价。心理障碍的估计噪声对性能的影响和主观干扰噪声与个性的主题。选择反应时和心算作为评价噪声对作业成绩影响的任务。在40 ~ 80 dB（A），Leq（10 min）的水平上，研究了稳态粉红噪声、随机间歇粉红噪声、道路交通噪声、铁路噪声、语言噪声、音乐噪声和空调噪声对作业和主观干扰的影响。研究发现，稳态粉红噪声和随机间歇粉红噪声在时间序列上的性能类型不同，但总性能没有差异，而且在50 dB（A）以上的粉红噪声中，性能下降。在同一噪声水平下，间歇性噪声对被试的主观干扰大于稳态噪声。其次，在稳态粉红噪声中，主观干扰以50 dB（A）、Leq以上最多，交通噪声中最少。表现出两种类型的噪音水平。第一种类型是在中等噪声水平下性能降低，第二种类型是在中等噪声水平下性能提高。在第一种类型中，高频衰减的音乐和语音以及稳定的粉红噪声对操作产生了典型的影响;在第二种类型中，铁路噪声和高频未衰减的音乐对操作产生了典型的影响。第三，高内向、高神经质的被试表现出更低的绩效和更大的干扰。

This study relates to evaluating noise environments of rooms in view of mental disturbance by noise. Mental disturbance was estimated by effects of noise on performance and subjective disturbance by noise in relation to personality of subjects. Choice reaction time and mental calculation were selected as tasks for evaluating effects of noise on performance. Effects of steady pink noise, randomly intermittent pink noise,road traffic noise,railway noise, speech,music and noise of air conditioning were examined on performance and subjective disturbance at levels from 40 to 80 dB(A),Leq(10 min.). It was found that performance type in time series was different between steady pink noise and randomly intermittent pink noise,but that total performance was not different.It was also found that performance subtracted in pink noise above the level of 50 dB(A). Subjective disturbance was indicated larger in intermittent noise than in steady noise at the same level of noise. Secondly,it was found that subjective disturbance was most above the levels of 50 dB(A),Leq in steady pink noise and was least in traffic noise. Performance showed two types in relation to noise levels. First type was that performance was subtracted in the middle levels of noise and the second type was that performance was promoted in the middle levels of noise. Music and speech attenuated in high range of frequency and steady pink noise showed the typical effects on performance in the first type, and railway noise and music not attenuated in high range of frequency showed the typical effects on performance in the second type. Thirdly,it was found that subjects in high introversion or high neuroticism tended to show less performance and larger disturbance.