Atomic Physical aspect of the research on highly ionized high atomic nember eleme using a population inversiorl in a plasma

测量光谱中的孤立谱线和主要谱线的波长有助于提高高电离态高原子序数元素原子结构的精确计算，而相对论原子物理计算是这类元素原子结构计算的基础。因为x射线激光线来自于定义明确的电离阶段的定义明确的原子构型。用于产生粒子数反转的等离子体参数空间比自发辐射线的参数空间窄得多，自发辐射线与来自各种电离阶段和来自宽范围的密度和温度区域的许多线显著重叠。因此，在高原子序数等离子体中分辨单个自发辐射线是非常困难的。激光线宽与中心波长之比小于10 μ m<-4>。我们对高Z离子Nd（Z=60），Sm（Z=62），Gd（Z=64），Dy（Z = 66），Ho（Z= 67），Yb（Z=70），Hf（Z=72）和Ta（Z=73）的类镍软X射线激光波长进行了精密测量。在等离子体中，由于粒子数反转，只有一条或两条谱线被放大，这条谱线可以作为高电离高原子序数态的波长标准。并以此为依据建立了数据库。这一结果可以用电子关联等相对论性原子物理计算的结果进行验证。

The measurement of wavelengths for well defined isolated and dominant lasing lines in the spectra contributes to the improvement of the precision calculation of atomic structures for highly ionized high atomic number elements where the relativistic atomic physics calculation is essentially important. Because x-ray laser line comes from the well defined atomic configuration from a well defined ionization stage. The plasma parameter space for creating the population inversion is much narrower compared with that of spontaneous emission lines which overlap significantly with many lines from various ionization stages and from the wide range of the density and the temperature regions. Therefore it is very difficult to distinguish single spontaneous emission lines in the high atomic number plasmas. The ratio of the lasing line width versus central wavelength is less than 10^<-4>. We have made precision measurement of the Ni-like soft x-ray laser wavelengths in high-Z ions, which include Nd (Z=60), Sm (Z=62), Gd (Z=64), Dy (Z=66), Ho (Z=67), Yb (Z=70), Hf (Z=72) and Ta (Z=73), where Z is the atomic number. Only one or two lines are amplified due to the population inversions in the well defined plasma, which can be utilized for the wavelength standard for the highly ionized high atomic number stoms. We made the data base of this results. The result can justify the result of the relativistic atomic physics calculation with the electron correlation and so on.