Chemical contamination in Poland

在波兰收集的环境样品中，对人造有机氯化合物（如多氯联苯、滴滴涕、六氯环己烷、氯化锂和六氯苯）造成的化学污染进行了调查。结果表明，相对较高浓度的多氯联苯存在于工业化地区，如煤矿和化工厂位于波兰南部的土壤，并在附近的造船厂收集在波兰北方的沿海沉积物。据估计，多氯联苯曾被用作碎煤机机械的化学剂和船舶油漆的一种成分。此外，在位于波兰西北部的前苏联军队基地的土壤中发现了相对较高浓度的多氯联苯和滴滴涕。这些化合物也存在于湖泊和池塘位于北部，西北部和南部波兰的沉积物样品。结果表明，人为有机氯是波兰环境中普遍存在的环境污染物，为了明确未知有机卤素化合物的存在，测定了波兰环境样品中已知有机卤素化合物在可萃取有机卤素（EOX）中的贡献率。EOX含量的大小顺序为EOCI>EOB_1>EOI，江豚体内的EOX含量高于其食用的鱼类。有人建议，EOX目前在海洋哺乳动物中积累通过波罗的海的海洋食物链。在沉积物和生物样品中检出的EOCI大部分为未鉴定化合物。有必要对波兰环境中EOX残留物中的单个化合物进行分析，以调查其来源并评估其对野生动物和生活在波兰的人们的影响。得出的结论是，许多卤代化合物遍布波兰环境，格但斯克湾和波罗的海沿岸地区正在发生化学污染。

Chemical contamination caused by man-made organochlorine compounds such as PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, CHLs, and HCB were investigated in environmental samples collected in Poland. The resuls showed that relatively high concentrations of PCBs were present in soils from industrialized areas such as coal mining and chemical factories located in southern Poland, and coastal sediments collected at near shipyards in northern Poland. It is estimated that PCBs were used as chemical agents for machinery of coal mincs and an ingredient for paint for ships. Additionally, relativery high concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were found in soils from a former Soviet army base located in northwest Poland. These compouns were also present in sediment samples from lakes and ponds located in north, northwest and south Poland. The results showed that man-made organochlorines are ubiquitous environmental pollutants in the Polish environment.In order to make clear the presence of unidentified organohalogen compouns, contribution percentage of indentified (known) organohalogen compounds in extractable organic halogen (EOX) were determined in the Polish environmental samples. The order of concentrations of EOX was EOCI>EOB_1>EOI.The concentrations of EOX in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were higher than those in the fish they eat. It is suggested that the EOX present in marine mammals is accumulated through the marine food chain of the Baltic Sea. The greater part of EOCI detected in sediment and biological samples was occupied by unidentified compouns. It is necessary to analyze individual compounds in EOX residue in Polish environment in order to investigate their sources and to evaluate the effects to wildlife and the people living in Poland.It is concluded that many halogenated compouns are spread over the Polish environment and that chemical pollution is occurring on the coastal areas of the Bay of Gdansk and the Baltic Sea.