Mineralogical and Dynamic Origin of the South African Superplume

南非超羽流的矿物学和动态起源

基本信息

项目摘要

Global models from seismic tomography show an extensive low shear wave velocity (vS) feature beneath southern African that extents from the core-mantle boundary for ~1000 km upwards. This feature is also characterized by anticorrelation of vS and the bulk sound velocity vΦ, relative to 1-dimensional reference profiles, with a high bulk and low shear modulus. Detailed studies using travel time anomalies were able to further demonstrate that this feature has very sharp, near vertical boundaries. While seismoloigcal constraints on this South-African superplume have been robust over the past couple of years, the physical or chemical origin of this anomaly has not adequately been investigated. For example, it is not clear to date if this is a dynamic or stagnant feature in the mantle. Attempts have been made to ascribe its origin to thermal upwellings, stabilized by the insulating effect of the stagnant overriding African plate, kept neutrally buoyant by enrichment of the lowermost mantle in terms of iron content and/or subducted material. However, the mineralogical models used in such dynamic studies are compiled on an ad-hoc basis, and competing effects are not investigated in a systematic way. Here, we propose to use a thermodynamic model of mantle mineralogy embedded in a 3-dimensional convection model to test the competing thermal and chemical influences on buoyancy of a broad upwelling feature in the lower most mantle. We will estimate under what boundary conditions of composition, size and shape the African superplume could stay neutrally buoyant and be indeed one of the ‘oldest geological features existing on our planet’.
来自地震层析成像的全球模型显示,在非洲南部,从核心-地幔边界向上延伸约1000公里,存在广泛的低横波速度(vS)特征。相对于一维参考剖面,该特征还表现为vS与体声速vΦ的反相关,具有高体模量和低剪切模量。使用旅行时间异常的详细研究能够进一步证明该特征具有非常明显的接近垂直的边界。虽然在过去的几年里,对南非超级羽流的地震限制一直很强大,但这种异常的物理或化学起源尚未得到充分的研究。例如,到目前为止还不清楚这是地幔中的动态特征还是停滞特征。有人试图把它的起源归结为热上升流,由于停滞的压倒非洲板块的绝缘作用而稳定下来,由于最下层地幔的铁含量和/或俯冲物质的富集而保持中性浮力。然而,在这种动态研究中使用的矿物学模型是在特别的基础上编制的,并且没有以系统的方式调查竞争效应。在这里,我们建议使用嵌入在三维对流模型中的地幔矿物学热力学模型来测试最下部地幔中广泛上升流特征对浮力的竞争热化学影响。我们将估计在构成、大小和形状的边界条件下,非洲超级羽流可以保持中性浮力,并且确实是“我们星球上存在的最古老的地质特征”之一。

项目成果

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Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Bunge, Ph.D.其他文献

Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Bunge, Ph.D.的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Bunge, Ph.D.', 18)}}的其他基金

Retrodiction Range of geodynamic earth models from twin experiments that account for model inconsistencies and limited resolution of present-day heterogeneity
来自孪生实验的地球动力学地球模型的回顾范围,解释了模型不一致和当今异质性的有限分辨率
  • 批准号:
    412338397
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Feasibility study to identify deep Earth signals in current and future gravity field missions
在当前和未来重力场任务中识别地球深部信号的可行性研究
  • 批准号:
    323625017
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Determination of current geoid trends related to deep Earth processes in the South Atlantic region
确定与南大西洋地区地球深层过程相关的当前大地水准面趋势
  • 批准号:
    243973216
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
TERRA-NEO - Integrated Co-Design of an Exascale Earth Mantle Modeling Framework
TERRA-NEO - 百亿亿次地幔建模框架的集成协同设计
  • 批准号:
    230862710
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
Mapping the upper mantle structure beneath the South Atlantic and the adjacent continents using full waveform tomography with geodynamic interpretations of hotspot flux and material transport in the asthenosphere.
使用全波形断层扫描绘制南大西洋和邻近大陆下方的上地幔结构图,并对软流圈中的热点通量和物质传输进行地球动力学解释。
  • 批准号:
    172686521
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
Seismic waveform tomography on continental scales based on the spectral-element and adjoint methods
基于谱元和伴随方法的大陆尺度地震波形层析成像
  • 批准号:
    73582572
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Program management and scientific networking
项目管理和科学网络
  • 批准号:
    80299618
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
Exploring plate tectonic force balances and plate boundary forces in the South Atlantic from plate motion histories and coupled global and regional geodynamic models
从板块运动历史和耦合的全球和区域地球动力学模型探索南大西洋的板块构造力平衡和板块边界力
  • 批准号:
    80283908
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes
Geodynamic models with thermodynamically self-consistent mineral physics
具有热力学自洽矿物物理的地球动力学模型
  • 批准号:
    41509765
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Forward modelling of mantle density anomalies from geodynamic considerations
从地球动力学角度考虑地幔密度异常的正演模型
  • 批准号:
    30265607
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes

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