Methodological studies of a novel physiological culture system that mimics luteal angiogenesis

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The ovarian cycle is characterized by repeating patterns of cellular proliferation, differentiation and transformation that encompass follicular development and ovulation as well as the formation, function and regression of the corpus luteum (CL). In the last years, it is well established that locally produced angiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF, IGF) by their autocrine and paracrine effects, play an important modulatory role during different stages of ovarian function. Our in vivo and in vitro results showed that VEGF and FGF2 are the most important factors for luteal angiogenesis. The recent studies demonstrated the development of a physiologically relevant primary culture system that mimics luteal angiogenesis. This system incorporates cells of CL tissue (e.g. endothelial, steroidogenic cells, fibroblasts, pericytes). Using this approach, endothelial cells start to form cluster on day 2, which than proliferate and develop threa.d-like-stuctures. After 9 days in culture, these tube-like structures lengthen, thicken and form highly organized intricate networks resembling a capillary bed. Using image analyses, vasculature development was promoted by coating wells with fibronectin.