Effects of stress on regional blood-oxygenation in the human brain and modification of them by personality traits

(1)建立了用多色X射线衍射法测量密质骨中各向异性残余应力的方法。用该方法测量了牛骨干密质骨的残余应力。标本取自牛骨干中段，分为前部、后部、内侧部、侧部，每个骨轴向和周向，观察部位的差异。结果表明，牛股骨后部在骨轴方向上存在42 Mpa的残余拉应力。提出了一种基于特征X射线衍射法的骨残余应力无创测量方法。用该方法对兔在体胫骨的残余应力进行了测量。结果表明，兔胫骨轴向拉伸残余应力为36 Mpa。那是c…提出了一种多色X射线无损测量带中间层涂层种植体三维残余应力的方法。用该方法对常压等离子喷涂制备的二氧化钛中间层羟基磷灰石涂层钛种植体的残余应力进行了测量。采用三维有限元方法对人工全髋关节置换术(THR)后股骨近端和椎体前路内固定椎体的适应性骨重建现象进行了三维有限元分析。在THR模拟的基础上，建立了正常髋关节的三维模型，该模型由股骨近端和骨盆骨组成，包括股骨头和髋臼。在模拟脊柱内固定的基础上，建立了由三个椎体和四个椎间盘组成的正常腰椎模型。结果表明，骨-种植体界面附近松质骨处的骨密度和应力均显著降低。较少

(1) A method to measure the anisotropic residual stress in compact bone was constructed using the polychromatic X-ray diffraction method. The residual stress in the compact bone of bovine diaphysis was measured by this method. To observe the difference of region, the specimen was taken from the middle region of bovine diaphysis divided into four parts : anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, at each bone axial and circumferential direction. As a result, the tensile residual stress of 42MPa was found in the bone axial direction at posterior part of the bovine femoral bone. The anisotropic residual stress in the bone could be evaluated nondestructively by this method.(2) A non-invasive measurement method of the residual stress in the bone using the characteristic X-ray diffraction was proposed. The residual stress in the tibia of rabbit was measured in vivo by this method. As a result, the tensile residual stress of 36MPa was found in the bone axial direction of the rabbit tibia. It was c … More onfirmed that this method was very useful for the non-invasive measurement of the residual stress in the bone.(3) A polychromatic X-ray method to measure nondestructively three dimensional residual stress ocairred in the coating implant with the intermediate layer was presented. The residual stress of hydroxyapatite coating titanium implant with the titania intermediate layer, made by atmospheric plasma-spray processing, was measured by this method. As a result, it was found that the compressive residual stress in the coating layer of the coating implant with the intermediate layer was smaller than that of the implant coated only with hydroxyapatite.(4) The adaptive bone remodeling phenomenon was analyzed using the three dimensional finite element method on two important clinical problem ; a proximal femur after prosthetic total hip joint replacement (THR) and vertebral bodies fixed by the anterior spinal instrumentation (SI). On the THR simulation, a normal hip joint model which composed of the proximal femur and the pelvic bone including femoral head and acetabular was constructed three-dimensionally. On the simulation of spinal instrumentation, a normal lumbar spine model which composed three vertebral bodies and four intervertebral discs was constructed three-dimensionally. As a result, the remodeling simulation showed that the bone density and the stress decreased significantly at cancellous bone around bone-implant interface. Less