Research on defect centers and luminescence in shocked materials

采用等离子轨道炮、粉末炮和脉冲宽度为500ps的激光（1-30J）对石英、玻璃、斜长石等不同材料进行了冲击实验，研究了冲击对缺陷中心和发光性能的影响。研究中应用了x波段微波ESR、脉冲ESR和正电子湮灭技术。(1)证实了石英中ESR中心的冲击诱导退火。冲击事件发生后，射线辐照缺陷的产生速率也发生了变化。正电子寿命在受冲击和未受冲击的石英以及自然受冲击的砂岩中表现出明显的差异。在激光诱导的冲击波作用下，石英试样发生了激波致发光现象。观测到的谱线与TL谱线基本一致。用ESR对从陨石坑中回收的石英进行了研究。E′中心密度的退火增强曲线显示出比普通石英更高的峰值温度，这可能是由于晶格畸变所致。本研究将进行变形石英晶格的能量计算。(2)冲击后富钠斜长石（钠长石）样品的EPMA分析表明，冲击后钠浓度降低。冲击波样品经γ辐照后的ESR谱也显示出钠胶体信号。所得结果有力地支持了钠的冲击分离。实验还发现，冲击事件发生后，热释光峰向更高温度（160℃~ 260℃）移动。30-5OGPa。具体工艺对冲击钠长石发光中心的影响有待进一步研究。(3)对野岛断裂带岩心进行了核磁共振成像研究。E′和铝中心沿断裂面的二维图像显示出断裂面中心有一定程度的热退火。估计了断层面上的温度，讨论了摩擦加热的条件。对花岗岩的应力致电特性进行了室内试验研究。少

Shock experiments on various materials (Quartz, Glass, plagioclase, etc.) by means of a plasma rail-gun, a powder -gun, and a laser (1-30J, 500ps pulse width) were performed to investigate the shock-induced effects on defect centers and luminescence properties. X-band cw-ESR, Pulse ESR and positron annihilation techniques were applied in this research.(1) Shock-induced annealing of ESR centers in quartz was confirmed. A production rate of defects by gamma-ray irradiation was also changed after the shock event. Positron lifetimes showed a clear difference between shocked and unshocked quartz and also for naturally shocked sandstone. Shock -induced luminescence was observed in radiation-irradiated quartz when laser -induced shockwave was introduced to the sample. Observed line spectra almost corresponded to those of TL. Quartz recovered from a meteorite crater was studied by ESR. The annealing enhancement profile of density of E' center showed higher peak temperature than that of normal … More quartz, which probably due to the distortion of the lattice. Energy calculation of a distorted quartz lattice will be followed in this research.(2) EPMA analyses for shocked Na-rich plagioclase (Albite) samples showed a decrease in the concentration of sodium after shock experiments. ESR spectra also showed a sodium-colloidal signal after the gamma-irradiation of shocked samples. Obtained results strongly supported the separation of sodium by shock. It was also found that the peak of thermoluminescence shifted to higher temperature (160℃ to 260℃) after the shock event. Of 30-5OGPa. Detailed process affects on the luminescence center in shocked albite should be studied furthermore.(3) A core sample from Nojima Fault was studied by ESR-imaging. The 2-D Images of E' and Aluminum centers across the fault plane showed a certain degree of thermal annealing of centers at the fault plane. The temperature on the fault plane was estimated and the condition of frictional heating was discussed. Laboratory experiments on stress-induced electric behavior of granite was performed. Less