Studies on the Vertical Structure of Cloud Clusters over the Equatorial West Pacific Ocean

利用TOGA-COARE IOP期间的双多普勒雷达资料，分析了热带西太平洋云团的特征。在分析中，对流和层状云系的区域被客观区分。通过与雷达资料和卫星资料的比较，研究了一种利用卫星资料估算降水强度的方法。这说明静止气象卫星的红外资料对分析热带云团的平均结构是有用的。除了分析TGA-COARE数据外，还通过计算来自双多普勒雷达数据的对流和层状部分的上升气流的非绝热加热，分析了澳大利亚达尔文大陆和海洋降水系统的特征。我们表明，非绝热加热的估计是可能的，通过使用来自双多普勒雷达数据分析的上升气流，虽然比较与探测数据是不可用的，因为探测站的数量有限。通过分析澳大利亚达尔文双多普勒雷达资料计算的上升气流，揭示了海洋和大陆降水系统的非绝热加热特征。在此基础上，对热带海洋降水对流云的垂直结构进行了包含冰相的二维数值模拟。用大尺度随机加热代替初始气泡，再现了真实的云团。在初始气泡的情况下，热带海洋上空的雷暴云与的形成和由此产生的下降气流进行了模拟。发表了关于这项研究结果的报告。

Characteristics of cloud clusters in the tropical west Pacific Ocean were analyzed with dual-Doppler radar data obtained during TOGA-COARE IOP. In this analysis convective and stratiform regions of cloud system were distinguished objectively. An estimation method of precipitation intensity from satellite data was examined in comparison with radar data and satellite data. This revealed that Geostationary Meteorological Satellite's IR data is useful for the analysis of averaged structure of tropical cloud clusters. In addition to analyses of TGA-COARE data, characteristics of continental and maritime precipitation systems of Darwin, Australia by calculating the non-adiabatic heating with updrafts derived from dual Doppler radar data for convective and stratiform portions of observed systems. We showed estimation of non-adiabatic heating is possible by using updrafts derived from dual Doppler radar data analyses, though comparison with sounding data was not available because of limited number of sounding stations. Characteristics of non-adiabatic heating in maritime and continental precipitation systems were revealed by analyzing updrafts that were calculated with dual-Doppler radar data in Darwin, Australia. Furthermore, 2-dimensional numerical simulation including ice phase was performed to analyze the vertical structure of precipitating convective clouds over tropical ocean. Realistic cloud cluster was reproduced with large scale random heating in the lowest layer instead of initial bubble. In case of initial bubble, thunderclouds with graupel formation and resulting downdrafts were simulated over tropical ocean. A report on the results of this study was published.