STUDY ON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND EARLY PHYLOGENETIC EVOLUTION OF CAMBRIAN RADIOLARIA AND SILICEOUS SPONGE-SPICULES

对中亚阿尔泰山和巴捷涅夫山寒武系硅质沉积岩进行了为期4年的放射虫和海绵骨针生物地层学研究。阿尔泰山中段晚寒武世-早奥陶世的放射虫和牙形刺采自扎苏林组。在晚寒武纪地层中首次发现了具有内、外壳的放射虫（古齿龙科）。这表明放射虫在晚寒武世已经分化。在早寒武世（博托期）沙什库纳尔组的杂色硅质页岩中，获得了保存较好的单壳多刺放射虫和丰富的硅质海绵骨针。发现了几组新属新种的放射虫，并对其进行了描述。这群放射虫是世界上最古老的放射虫。在Blizhnyaya山的下寒武统无名组、Batenev山的中寒武统Karask组和阿尔泰山中部的Ust'Sema组中也发现了海绵骨针。通过对国外寒武纪放射虫和海绵骨针动物群的对比分析，提出了寒武纪放射虫和海绵骨针动物群的初步生物地层分带。

Radiolarian and sponge-spicules biostratigraphic study of the siliceous sedimentary rocks from the Cambrian Systems in the Altai and Batenev Mountains, central Asia, was carried out for 4 years. Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician radiolariansand conodonts were obtained from the Zasurin Formation, central Altai Mountains. Radiolarians with inner and outer shell (paleoentactinids) were discovered for the first time from the Late Cambrain strata. This suggeststhat radiolarians were already differentiated during late Cambrian. And well-preserved multi-spined radiolarians with single outer shell and abundant siliceous sponge-spicules were obtained from vari-colored siliceous shales of the Early Cambrian (Botomian stage) Shashkunar Formation. A few groups of radiolarians belonging to new genera (Altaisphaera and Paleocenosphara) and species were found. Description of these radiolarians was carried out. This group of radiolarians are the oldest ones in the world. Sponge-spicules were also obtained from the Lower Cambrain Unnamed Formation, Mt.Blizhnyaya, and the Middle Cambrian Karask Formation in Batenev mountains and Ust'Sema Formation, central Altai Mountains. By comparative faunal analysis of Cambrian radiolarians and sponge-spicules reported from other countries, the author proposed a provisional biostratigraphic zonations of radiolarians and sponge-spicules during the whole period of the Cambrian.