STUDY ON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND EARLY PHYLOGENETIC EVOLUTION OF CAMBRIAN RADIOLARIA AND SILICEOUS SPONGE-SPICULES

对中亚阿尔泰山脉和巴捷涅夫山脉寒武系硅质沉积岩进行了4年的放射虫和海绵针状体生物地层学研究。阿尔泰山中部晚寒武世—早奥陶世放射虫和牙形刺产于扎苏林组。在晚寒武统地层中首次发现了具有内外壳的放射虫（古食虫纲）。这表明放射虫在晚寒武纪已经分化。在早寒武世（波托米亚期）沙什库纳组彩色硅质页岩中发现了保存完好的多棘放射虫，它们具有单一的外壳和丰富的硅质海绵针状体。发现了若干放射虫属新属和新种。对这些放射虫进行了描述。这群放射虫是世界上最古老的。在Batenev山脉和阿尔泰中部的Ust’sema组中，也发现了海绵针状体。通过对国外报道的寒武系放射虫和海绵针状体的区系对比分析，提出了寒武系整个时期放射虫和海绵针状体的初步生物地层分带。

Radiolarian and sponge-spicules biostratigraphic study of the siliceous sedimentary rocks from the Cambrian Systems in the Altai and Batenev Mountains, central Asia, was carried out for 4 years. Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician radiolariansand conodonts were obtained from the Zasurin Formation, central Altai Mountains. Radiolarians with inner and outer shell (paleoentactinids) were discovered for the first time from the Late Cambrain strata. This suggeststhat radiolarians were already differentiated during late Cambrian. And well-preserved multi-spined radiolarians with single outer shell and abundant siliceous sponge-spicules were obtained from vari-colored siliceous shales of the Early Cambrian (Botomian stage) Shashkunar Formation. A few groups of radiolarians belonging to new genera (Altaisphaera and Paleocenosphara) and species were found. Description of these radiolarians was carried out. This group of radiolarians are the oldest ones in the world. Sponge-spicules were also obtained from the Lower Cambrain Unnamed Formation, Mt.Blizhnyaya, and the Middle Cambrian Karask Formation in Batenev mountains and Ust'Sema Formation, central Altai Mountains. By comparative faunal analysis of Cambrian radiolarians and sponge-spicules reported from other countries, the author proposed a provisional biostratigraphic zonations of radiolarians and sponge-spicules during the whole period of the Cambrian.