Development and Evaluation of Material an Antiwear Additives for Fuels to Increase Antiwear Performance of Fuel Injection Pump for Automotives

未来将大量使用轻质循环油(LCO)与直馏轻质汽油调合作为汽车燃料。柴油的典型特征是芳烃含量高，氧化安定性低。为了降低十六烷值低的柴油中的芳烃含量，应在非常恶劣的条件下同时进行加氢裂化和加氢脱硫。在这种严重的精制过程中，一些具有良好润滑性的天然化合物也会被去除，因此，在含柴油的柴油中应复配抗磨剂。研究了芳烃含量等燃料组成对抗磨剂性能的影响。此外，还研究了燃料的轻微降解对其抗磨性能的影响。以正十六烷为模型馏分油。丁苯、甲基萘和四氢呋喃作为模型芳香族馏分。以硬脂酸和邻苯二酚为模型抗磨剂，并对汽油抗磨剂进行了研究。虽然硬脂酸和邻苯二酚在很低的浓度范围内都表现出良好的抗磨性能，但随着浓度的增加，硬脂酸的磨损量急剧减少，邻苯二酚的磨损量随着浓度的增加而逐渐减少。当芳香族化合物与正十六烷混合时，邻苯二酚在较低浓度范围内表现出抗磨性能。另一方面，硬脂酸的抗磨性能不受芳烃掺入的影响。在本研究中使用的商用添加剂在出现明显磨损减少的地方也显示出浓度的降低。模型燃料的轻微降解对添加剂的抗磨性能有不利影响。

A large amount of Light Cycle Oil (LCO) is going to be used in future by blending with straight-run light gas oil for automotive fuel. The typical characteristics of LCO are high aromatic content and low oxidation stability. In order to reduce aromatics in LCO that has low cetane number, both hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization in very sever conditions should be applied. In such sever refining process, some natural compounds bring good lubricity are also removed, therefore, antiwear additive should be formulated in the LCO-containing gas oil. Effect of fuel composition, such as aromatic content, on antiwear additive performance is studied. In addition, effect of slight degradation of fuel on the antiwear performance is also studied. n-Hexadecane is used as model gas oil fraction. Butylbenzene, methylnaphthalene, and tetralinare are used as model aromatic fractions. Stearic acid and catechol are used as model antiwear additive beside commercial antiwear additive for gas oil is also studied. Though both stearic acid and catechol exhibited good antiwear performance in very low concentration range of approximately 10-20 ppm, stearic acid showed drastic wear reduction with the increase in concentration and catechol showed gradual decrease of wear with concentration. Catechol showed antiwear performance in lower concentration range when aromatic compounds are blended in n-hexadecane. On the other hand, antiwear performance of stearic acid was not affected by blending of aromatics. The commercial additives, used in this study, also showed decrease in concentration where apparent wear reduction appeared. Slight degradation of model fuels showed harmful effect on antiwear performance of additive.