A Psychosomatic Study of School Health on the Great Hanshin Earthquake

采用震后1个月、5个月、2年3个月、3年5个月、4次包括64项心身症状的问卷，对居住在阪神大地震灾区的11427名大学生进行调查。结果，在地震后一个月进行检查时，出现了许多心身症状，如肩膀僵硬、站立眩晕、咳嗽、疲劳、紧张、睡眠障碍、冷漠、嗜睡、士气低落、对未来感到焦虑、缺乏自信等。然而，在3次和4次试验中，这些症状的发生率在一定程度上再次被观察到，而在5个月时症状明显减少。PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）等心身症状可能会在相当长的一段时间内被诱发，尤其是这种倾向在女性中比在男性中更为明显。除了这次抽取的样本研究外，我们还分析了地震前后大约5年的学校考试数据。正如上述结果所示，与其他年份相比，1995年出现了许多心身症状。此外，从统计的角度来看，大学生的视力在这一年中有所下降。这一结果提示震区学生存在潜在的心理疲劳。对地震灾区35名学生（女生16名）进行了脑电图、肌电图、眨眼、心率、脉搏波、GSR、气肺、热像仪等测谎检查。比较了这些指标对情绪听觉刺激和自然听觉刺激的反应。结果表明，情绪刺激时脑电图β带显著增加，而自然声刺激时脑电图α带占优势。情绪刺激时皮肤温度也呈上升趋势。这些反应结果表明，遭受灾难的学生对情绪刺激具有生理上的超敏感倾向。少

1, 1427 university students living in the district where struck by the Great Hanshin Earthquake were investigated by the questionnaire including 64 items of psychosomatic symptoms four times, a month, five months, two years and three months, three years and five months after the disaster respectively. As a result when examined at a month after the earthquake, anumber of psychosomatic symptoms were marked like as stiff shoulder , vertigo at standing, cough, fatigability, nervousness, sleep disorder, apathy, lethargy, loss of morale, anxiety toward future, lack of self confidence, etc.. However at three and four times trials the incidence of these symptoms were observed again to some extent while the symptoms markedly decreased at five months. Then the psychosomatic symptoms like PTSD(posttraumatic stress disorder) may be tracted for fairly long period, especially this tendency was more conspicuous in female than in male. Other than this extracted sample study, the data of school examina … More tions held annually were analyzed about five years around the earthquake. Like the results above shown many psychosomatic symptoms were pointed in 1995 , compa red with other years. Eurthermore visual acuity of the univer sity students decreased in the year from statistical point of view. This results may suggest the existance of latent mental fatigue in the students lived in the district struck by the earthquake.2, Thirty five students (16 female) lived in the district struck by the earthquake were examined polygraphically including EEG , EMG , blinking, heart rate, plethysmography, GSR, pneumograph and thermography. The responses of these indices to emotional and natural auditory stimulation were compared precisely. As a result during the emotional stimulation a beta band of EEG was markedly increased while an alpha band was dominant in the EEC during natural sound stimulation. The skin temperature showed increment during the emotional stimulation also. These results of responses suggested the students suffered from the disaster had an tendency of physiologically hypersensitive for the emotional stimulus. Less