Studies on the origin of the Japanese based on the analysis of MVR-PCR alleles in asian populations

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Last year, we could obtain DNA specimens of 100 Chinese individuals, and investigated the allele frequencies of three polymorphic sites in DNA flanking D1S8 (MS32) and D7S21 (MS31A) loci. Haplotype frequencies in Chinese were compared with those in Japanese and Caucasians which had been already reported. Distribution of haplotypes in Chinese is not significantly different from that in Japanese, but significantly different from that in Caucasian. Allele-specific MVR-PCR based on the selective amplification of single allele from total genomic DNA using allele-specific PCR primers was then performed. Although MVR-PCR allele codes are highly polymorphic, the similarity of the internal structure can be analysed by dot matrix analysis. Furthermore, different alleles can have related flanking haplotypes, presumably due to sharing recent common ancestors. When groups of aligned MS32 alleles or MS31A alleles were made by dot matrix analysis, we have already shown that Caucasian, Aflican black and Japanese have strong tendency to form unique groups composed of mostly the same spieces. In this study, we found that Chinese alleles often had the same motif as that of Japanese alleles resulting in the groups consist of only Japanese and Chinese alleles. Thus, using MVR-PCR allele codes and flanking haplotypes, we could show that Chinese alleles were chosely related to Japanese alleles. Allele mapping of D16S309 (MS205) was also performed with Japanese DNA specimens. We can usually obtain MVR-PCR maps of whole alleles at this locus because the length of the most alleles is short. We found that Japanese had rather short alleles, and their internal structures were somewhat diffrenent from those of Caucasians. We also showed the usufullness of MVR-PCR mapping for paternity testings using practical cases.