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Nuclear Energy Systems with Zero Release of Radioactive Materials

放射性物质零释放的核能系统

基本信息

批准号：
09044146
负责人：
SAITO Masaki
金额：
$ 6.98万
依托单位：
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044146/
关键词：
Fission Reactio Fusion Reaction Spallation Reaction Transmutation of Radioactive Materials Breeding Symbiont System Hybrid System Excess Neutron 加速器駆動原子炉中性子バランス外部中性子源

项目摘要

An ultimate goal of the nuclear energy research and development is to establish the way to harmonize the nuclear energy with global environment and human society in future. The comprehensive study has been performed based on the fusion and accelerator technologies in addition to the fission technology for the feasibility of the nuclear energy system that satisfies simultaneously at least the following four objectives ; (1) energy production, (2) fuel breeding, (3) Transmutation of radioactive materials, (4) system safety.Neutron abundance of the system is the key element to achieve these objectives. The potential of fission reaction in excess neutron generation is rather poor to transmute nuclear waste with high efficiency. To overcome these difficulties, non-fission neutron producing reactions such as spallation and fusion reactions are introduced to improve neutron balance. The general methodology was developed to evaluate the excess neutron generation and energy balance in the various external neutron sources.Comparative analyses on the excess neutron, energy balance and transmutation of the wastes in various nuclear energy system have been performed based on the proposed methodology. Nuclear database were prepared for the evaluating the transmutation of fission productions. Chemical/isotope separation methods and the safety characteristics of the system were also studied.Finally, it is concluded that multi-component system with Accelerator-driven reactor and Fission-fusion hybrid reactor demonstrates clear advantage in approaching Zero-Release of Radioactive Materials from the nuclear energy system.

核能研究与开发的最终目标是建立未来核能与全球环境和人类社会相协调的途径。除了裂变技术之外，还基于聚变和加速器技术对同时满足以下至少四个目标的核能系统的可行性进行了综合研究：（1）能源生产，（2）燃料增殖，（3）放射性物质的嬗变，（4）系统安全，系统的中子丰度是实现这些目标的关键因素。裂变反应产生过剩中子的潜力很小，难以高效嬗变核废料。为了克服这些困难，引入了非裂变中子产生反应，如溅射和聚变反应，以改善中子平衡。提出了评价各种外中子源的过剩中子产生和能量平衡的一般方法，并对各种核能系统的过剩中子、能量平衡和废物嬗变进行了对比分析。为评价裂变产物的嬗变，建立了核数据库。最后指出，加速器驱动堆和裂变-聚变混合堆的多组分系统在实现核能系统放射性物质零释放方面具有明显的优势。