GRK 1581: Symmetry Breaking in Fundamental Interactions

现代物理学的关键思想之一是认识到对称性对我们理解自然规律和物质结构具有根本的重要性。2009年诺贝尔物理学奖的颁发进一步强调了这一点。因此，对称及其打破是研究培训小组的合适主题，该小组牢固地扎根于充满活力的研究环境中。研究培训小组的特点是应用一系列互补的理论和实验方法来追求共同的研究目标。研究活动范围从高能粒子对撞机的实验到使用离子阱或超冷中子的精确测量。三个主要领域构成了研究培训小组的基础：“质量的起源和物质的结构”，“标准模型及超越”和“基本对称性的打破”。精确测量是参与研究的科学家们经常记录的优势之一，也是理解自然界对称性作用的关键。参与的科学家都是国际知名的专家，他们可以使用美因茨独特的当地设施，这些设施在培养研究生方面发挥着特殊的作用。其中包括电子加速器MAMI-C，研究堆TRIGA以及用于晶格规范理论的高性能集群。主要研究人员为国家和国际实验室的研究活动做出了重大贡献，如欧洲核子研究中心、费米实验室、GSI和伊利诺伊大学。培养研究生的目的是在进行独立研究和参加课程和研讨会之间取得适当的平衡。关于研究训练组的主要议题的有组织的课程，辅以每周一次的讨论会和每年一次的务虚会，届时将邀请知名的国际专家作主讲人。为了促进科学卓越，培养理念设想了一种激励制度。每年将颁发两项杰出成就奖。此外，为了鼓励早期的科学独立，学生可以申请个人经济支持，以追求自己的想法和项目。除了获取科学知识外，培训概念还与美因茨大学范围内的博士研究方案密切相关，该方案旨在教授关键资格和可转移技能。为了增加申请人的数量，特别是来自国外的申请人，将实施积极的招聘策略。执行性别主流化的特别措施将与一项长期建立的促进妇女参与科学和学术界的大学范围方案协调。

One of the key ideas in modern physics is the realisation that symmetries are of fundamental importance for our understanding of the laws of nature and the structure of matter. This has been underlined further by the conferral of The Nobel prize in physics 2009. Symmetries and their breaking are thus a fitting theme for the Research Training Group, which is firmly anchored in a vibrant research environment. The hallmark of the Research Training Group is the application of a range of complementary theoretical and experimental methods for pursuing a common research goal. Research activities range from experiments at high-energy particle colliders to precision measurements using ion traps or ultra-cold neutrons. Three main areas form the basis for the Research Training Group: "The origin of mass and the structure of matter", "The Standard Model and beyond" and "Breaking of fundamental symmetries". Precision measurements, which are among the often-documented strengths of the participating scientists, are the key for the understanding of the role of symmetries in nature. The participating scientists are internationally renowned experts and have access to unique local facilities at Mainz, which play a special role for the training of graduate students. These include the electron accelerator MAMI-C, the research reactor TRIGA as well as a high-performance cluster for lattice gauge theory. The principal investigators contribute significantly to research activities at national and international laboratories, such as CERN, Fermilab, GSI, and ILL. The training of graduate students is aimed at striking the right balance between performing independent research and attending courses and seminars. A structured course of lectures on the main topics of the Research Training Group is supplemented by a weekly seminar and an annual retreat, for which high-profile international experts will be invited as keynote speakers. In order to promote scientific excellence the training concept foresees an incentive system. Two prizes for outstanding achievements will be awarded each year. Also, to encourage early scientific independence students can apply for individual financial support to pursue their own ideas and projects. In addition to the acquisition of scientific knowledge, the training concept is closely entwined with the university-wide programme Doctoral Studies at Mainz, which is aimed at the teaching of key qualifications and transferable skills. In order to increase the number of applicants, especially from abroad, active recruitment strategies will be implemented. Special measures to enforce gender mainstreaming will be coordinated with a long-established university-wide programme to promote women in science and academia.