Agroforestry Pollinator Plantations

气候变化对所有植物和土壤都提出了具体的挑战：\* 总体平均温度升高\* 风暴期间风速增加\* 降雨量季节性变化导致冬季更潮湿，夏季更干燥\* 干旱严重程度和频率增加\* 新的病虫害迁移和出现/定植。目前缺乏未来植树的指导，种植库存短缺。这些都是农林业中授粉树/灌木物种的特殊问题。了解气候变化的相互作用，并将这些知识与气候压力如何影响新树种相结合，将使我们能够回答一些关键问题：1。使用三个预测的平均温度分类为“最好的情况”，“中等情况”和“最坏的情况”的情况下与固有的相关影响，我们将确定哪些树木和灌木物种有利于传粉者，已经在英国生长，将仍然适合在英国到未来的类别。许多本地树木和灌木物种目前所依赖的授粉可能会失去。我们将确定新的物种（被评估为对生物多样性无害）能够维持传粉者，具有抗病虫害能力，并提供农林产品，如药物，植物化学品，食品，油，综合虫害管理。我们的解决方案是提供成功植树的指导：在混合林中种植的农林业传粉者种植园（APP）将为气候变化下的传粉者提供饲料和支持，同时也使农业用地和邻近作物受益。农林复合系统将大气中的碳深抽到地下，保护农田免受极端事件的影响。我们的知识研究提案和对树种性能的研究成果将：A：为苗圃提供权威指导，培育“正确”的树木和灌木物种，这些树木和灌木物种具有多样的基因库，具有进化潜力，可以在未来的农林复合系统中生存下来;B：使苗圃和农林顾问能够提供深入的建议和APP的设计，以缓解上述挑战，对作物互利，牲畜和种植园附近的表土。我们很高兴与森林研究和土壤协会合作，在这方面，将通过一个新的网站免费传播国家一级的研究和咨询意见，为农林业种植经得起未来考验、支持传粉者的物种提供可靠的指导。我们将开始大规模繁殖合适的树木和灌木。随着气候变化引起的一些问题通过可持续的农林业得到解决，我们相信了解哪些物种可以在气候变化中生存下来将保护多种生态系统服务，并且是保护传粉者的关键，这反过来将维持所有由昆虫授粉的植物物种。

Climate change presents specific challenges for all plants and soil:\*Higher overall average temperatures\*Increased wind speeds during storms\*Seasonal shifts in rainfall resulting in wetter winters and drier summers\*Increasing drought severity and frequency\*New pest and disease migration and emergence/colonisation.Currently there is a dearth of guidance on planting trees for the future, and shortages of planting stock. These are particular problems for pollinator tree/shrub species in agroforestry. Understanding climate change interactions and amalgamating this knowledge with how climate stress will affect novel tree species will enable us to answer some crucial questions:1\. Using three projected average temperatures categorised as 'best case', 'mid case' and 'worst case' scenarios with inherent associated effects, we will identify which tree and shrub species beneficial to pollinators, already growing in the UK, will still be suitable in the UK into the future for the categories.2\. Many native tree and shrub species currently relied on by pollinators may be lost.We will identify novel species (assessed as non-harmful to biodiversity) able tosustain pollinators, possess pest and disease-resistance, and provideagroforestry products such as medicine, phytochemicals, food, oils, integrated pest management.Our solution is to provide guidance on successful tree planting: 'Agroforestry Pollinator Plantations' (APP's) grown for agroforestry in mixed stands will provide forage and support for pollinators under climate change, whilst also benefiting agricultural land and adjacent crops. Agroforestry pumps atmospheric carbon deep underground and protects farmland from extreme events.Our knowledge-research proposal and outcomes from this research into tree species' performance will:A: Provide authoritative guidance for nurseries on the 'right' tree and shrub species with diverse gene-pools with evolutionary potential to survive climate change and diseases for future agroforestry;B: Enable nurseries and agroforestry consultants to provide in-depth advice and design of APPs configured to mitigate the challenges summarised above, mutuallybeneficial to crops, livestock and top-soils adjacent to plantations.We are delighted to partner Forest Research and the Soil Association for top-level research and advice to be disseminated freely via a new website, providing reliable guidance for growing future-proof, pollinator-supporting species for agroforestry. We will begin large-scale propagation of appropriate trees and shrubs.With some of the problems caused by climate change addressed through sustainable agroforestry, we believe understanding which species may survive climate change will protect multiple ecosystem services, and is key to protecting pollinators, which in turn will sustain all plant species pollinated by insects.