The Neural Basis of Social Knowledge

项目摘要 人类生活在庞大的社会群体中。生活在这样的群体中的需求可能导致了 语言以及更大的大脑。支撑我们高超社交技能的是一个巨大的社交仓库 知识。例如，我们识别其他人并检索关于他们是谁的信息的能力， 他们与我们的关系，他们在社会等级中的地位，甚至他们的个性特征，都取决于 与陈述性记忆系统紧密相连的社交大脑。此外，我们理解和理解的能力 参与精神化，我们对定型观念和类别的使用，社会文化规范的应用 地位、等级和礼仪，以及理解意图的能力，而不是具体的 意义，言语，都严重依赖于储存的知识。在这里，我们建议将先前的工作扩展到 确定了一个灵活的电路，允许我们检索不同类型的人的知识，与推定的人 位于其中心的前颞叶(ATL)中的身份结节。我们将使用多变量功能磁共振成像和 代表性相似性分析，以及结构和功能连通性分析，以检查 这一区域与知觉系统、情景记忆系统和更大的社会系统的灵活互动 大脑。这个项目的成功将极大地促进我们对基本神经机制的理解 有助于高水平的社会处理，并将对具有以下特征的障碍具有重要的临床意义 核心社会知识缺陷，如自闭症、谱系障碍和精神分裂症。

Project Summary Humans live in large social groups. The requirements of living in such groups may have led to the evolution of language and as well as larger brains. Underpinning our superior social skills is a vast storehouse of social knowledge. For instance, our ability to recognize other individuals and retrieve information about who they are, what their relationship is to us, their position in a social hierarchy, even their personality traits, all relies on a social brain that is tightly linked to declarative memory systems. In addition, our ability to understand and engage in mentalizing, our use of stereotypes and categories, the application of socio-cultural norms about status, hierarchy, and etiquette, as well as the ability to understand the intent, rather than the concrete meaning, of speech, all rely heavily on stored knowledge. Here we propose to extend our prior work that identified a flexible circuit that allows us to retrieve different types of person knowledge, with a putative person identity node in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) at the center of it. We will use multivariate fMRI and representational similarity analysis, as well as structural and functional connectivity analyses, to examine the flexible interaction of this region with perceptual systems, episodic memory systems, and the greater social brain. Success in this project will significantly advance our understanding of the basic neural mechanisms that contribute to high-level social processing and will have important clinical implications for disorders that have core social knowledge deficits such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.