Antecedents and Consequences of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in Underrepresented Youth

项目总结/摘要 本次紧急竞争性修订申请是为了应对NIMHD的COVID-19相关NOSI（NOT-MD-20-019）建议在我们正在进行的纵向研究中收集补充数据，该研究侧重于青少年vaping/电子烟使用，标题为电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）在代表性不足的青少年中的前因和后果（ACE项目，U 54 MD 012393 [子项目-5378]，项目周期：2017年9月20日至2022年6月30日）。ACE项目的主要目标是描述与ENDS使用开始、升级和潜在转向其他药物（例如，大麻）在大脑发育的背景下，重点是西班牙裔青年。拟议工作的总体目标是利用ACE项目的研究基础设施，确定影响NIH指定健康差异人群参与者的物质使用（SU），心理健康（MH）和神经生物学结果的个人，社会和神经生物学风险/保护因素的COVID-19经历。有证据表明，灾害，包括与健康有关的，影响SU和MH的结果在青年和成年人，和灾后的结果是依赖于风险和保护因素的组合相关的灾害经验，预先存在的个人特征，社会影响，和潜在的神经生物学。阐明这些风险和保护因素的研究对于确定可修改的干预目标以减轻不利后果非常重要，但这种见解取决于能否获得灾前参与者的特征。通过ACE项目，我们从青少年及其照顾者（N=264，年龄：13-17岁，85%为西班牙裔）收集了流行前的数据，这些数据描述了人格特征，社会背景和fMRI测量（n=165）。ACE项目还将在大流行后的时间点评估这些措施。目前的工作将补充ACE项目的大流行前/后纵向数据集，提供一系列临时在线评估，详细描述COVID-19经验以及SU和MH轨迹。这项拟议工作的不同方面包括：利用收集的大流行前/后纵向数据集的能力，我们对vaping，ENDS和大麻使用的重视（与COVID-19问题相关，如传播和肺部后果），理论上关注特定的神经生物学机制（纹状体，杏仁核，杏仁核），我们的参与者队列（主要是西班牙裔/拉丁裔，大流行前终生SU水平可观），以及我们之前在一项正在进行的纵向研究中所做的与灾害相关的研究。该项目将深入了解与SU和MH相关的COVID-19健康结果表现，以及可能赋予这种变化的弹性/脆弱性的行为和神经生物学机制。我们专注于低收入和少数族裔家庭的个人，这些人可能会对COVID-19相关的财务、工作、学校和健康问题感到担忧。通过利用现有的数据和基础设施，我们可以编制一个丰富的COVID-19相关数据集，预算适中，家庭负担较低。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This urgent competitive revision application in response to NIMHD’s COVID-19-related NOSI (NOT-MD-20-019) proposes supplemental data collection within our ongoing longitudinal study focused on teen vaping/e-cigarette use entitled Antecedents and Consequences of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) among Underrepresented Youth (the ACE project, U54MD012393 [subproject-5378], project period: 09/20/17 – 06/30/22). The ACE project’s primary goals are to delineate risk and protective factors linked with ENDS use initiation, escalation, and the potential shift to other drugs (e.g., cannabis) in the context of the developing brain with a focus on Hispanic youth. The overall objective of the proposed work is to leverage the ACE project’s research infrastructure to identify COVID-19 experiences that influence individual, social, and neurobiological risk/protective factors for substance use (SU), mental health (MH), and neurobiological outcomes among participants from a NIH-designated health disparity population. Evidence indicates that disasters, including health-related ones, affect SU and MH outcomes among youth and adults, and that post-disaster outcomes are dependent on a combination of risk and protective factors related to the disaster experience, preexisting individual characteristics, social influences, and underlying neurobiology. Research elucidating such risk and protective factors is important for identifying modifiable intervention targets to mitigate adverse outcomes, but such insight is contingent on having access to pre-disaster participant characterization. Through the ACE project we hold pre-pandemic data collected from adolescents and their caregivers (N=264, age: 13-17 years, 85% Hispanic) characterizing personality traits, social contexts, and fMRI measures (in a subset of n=165). The ACE project will also assess these measures at a post-pandemic time point. The current work will supplement the ACE project’s pre/post-pandemic longitudinal dataset with a series of interim online assessments providing detailed characterization of COVID-19 experiences, as well as SU and MH trajectories. The differentiating aspects of this proposed work include: the ability to leverage a pre/post-pandemic longitudinal dataset being collected, our emphasis on vaping, ENDS, and cannabis use (relevant to COVID-19 issues such as transmission and pulmonary consequences), a theoretically-informed focus on specific neurobiological mechanisms (striatum, amygdala, insula), our participant cohort (predominately Hispanic/Latinx, with appreciable pre-pandemic levels of lifetime SU), and our previous disaster-related research in the context of an ongoing longitudinal study. This project will provide insight into COVID-19 manifestations on health outcomes related to SU and MH, as well as insight into behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that may confer resilience/vulnerability to such changes. We focus on individuals from lower income and minority households where COVID-19-related financial, work, school, and health worries are likely elevated. By leveraging existing data and infrastructure, we can compile a rich COVID-19-related dataset with a modest budget and low burden to families.