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The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer

长非编码 RNA 在癌症中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10216170
负责人：
ANDREW R HOFFMAN
金额：
--
依托单位：
VETERANS ADMIN PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-01-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10216170
关键词：
Academic Medical Centers American Cancer Society Antineoplastic Agents Applications Grants Architecture Back Biological Markers Biological Models Blood Tests Bypass Cancer Biology Cancer Etiology Cancer cell line Cell Culture Techniques Cell Line Cell Nucleus Cells Cessation of life Chromatin Citric Acid Cycle Cytoplasm DNA DNA Methylation Databases Development Developmental Biology Diagnosis Disease Drug Targeting Energy Metabolism Epigenetic Process Excision Female Fresh Tissue Functional disorder Future Genes Genome Genomics Goals Grant Hepatocarcinogenesis Hepatocyte Human Immunoprecipitation In Situ In Vitro Incidence Knowledge Learning Lipids Localized Disease Malignant - descriptor Malignant Neoplasms Malignant neoplasm of liver Maps Metabolic Metabolism Methodology Mitochondria Modality Molecular Monitor Normal Cell Normal tissue morphology Nuclear Occupations Operative Surgical Procedures Organ Organoids Oxygen Pathogenesis Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Play Primary carcinoma of the liver cells Process Provider Publishing RNA RNA Binding RNA-Binding Proteins Reactive Oxygen Species Reverse Transcription Role Specimen Structure Testing United States Unresectable Untranslated RNA Veterans Warburg Effect amino acid metabolism cancer cell cancer stem cell cancer surgery cancer type carcinogenesis chromosome conformation capture chronic liver disease differential expression effective therapy epigenetic regulation hepatocellular carcinoma cell line histone modification innovation interest knock-down male malignant state military veteran mitochondrial genome neoplastic cell new therapeutic target novel novel marker novel therapeutics overexpression prevent tool tumor tumor metabolism tumorigenesis

项目摘要

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the 5th most common malignancy in the United States, and its incidence is equally high in the Veteran population. Although liver cancer resection has proven to be an effective treatment for localized disease, new therapeutic modalities are needed to treat unresectable disease. This is a 4-year grant proposal to study epigenetic aspects of hepatocellular cancer in order to study the pathophysiology of this deadly cancer and to begin to identify new therapeutic drug targets and/or define novel biomarkers for the disease. Metabolic reprogramming is a major hallmark of cancer cells. Due to the Warburg effect, tumor cells preferentially bypass the tricarboxylic acid cycle and switch to glycolytic energy metabolism despite available oxygen. Alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolism are also present. Currently, however, we know very little about how this malignant metabolic switch is regulated in cancer. Mitochondria are master regulators that modulate metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria in malignant cells differ structurally and functionally from those in normal cells and are characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of metabolism that can modulate mitochondrial activity epigenetically. These lncRNAs may be transcribed from either the mitochondrial or the nuclear genomes, and the lncRNAs may be transported back and forth from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In Specific Aim 1, the mitochondrial lncRNAs in human normal liver and hepatocellular cancer cell lines will be extensively profiled, to learn which specific lncRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms whereby lncRNAs shuttle back and forth between the mitochondria and the nucleus will be determined. In Specific Aim 2, the roles of these lncRNAs will be assessed to gain a mechanistic understanding of how lncRNAs use epigenetic processes to initiate or propagate hepatocellular cancer in order to devise strategies to prevent or treat the disease. In addition to cultured cell lines, we will create tumoroids, organoids that are derived from hepatocellular cancer stem cells. These tumoroids recapitulate the development of malignant tumors in vitro, providing a model system to learn which lncRNAs initiate, propagate and maintain the malignant state. Innovative aspects of this grant include a new understanding of the role of lncRNAs in cancer, the development of several novel molecular epigenetic tools that have broad applicability in developmental and cancer biology, and the assembly of new databases of mitochondria-associated lncRNAs in cancer. The ultimate goal of the project is to learn more about the pathophysiology and oncogenesis of hepatocellular cancer so that new drug targets and/or biomarkers can be discovered to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of this deadly cancer in male and female Veterans.

肝细胞癌（HCC）是美国第五大最常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率为