OCEAN CITIZEN: Marine forest coastal restoration: an underwater gardening socio-ecological plan

在未实现爱知倡议的目标和2020年良好环境状况的大部分目标之后，积极恢复已成为（欧盟也设想的）可能促进海洋保护区和其他保护措施的后续行动的首选工具之一。恢复法案促进生物多样性，加强碳固存，加快沿海和近海复原力。然而，我们仍然缺乏一个计划，结合保护和恢复在一个统一的设置，作为当地公民的参与，拥抱社会经济参数的机会。因此，一个先进的恢复计划必须结合生态观点与社会承诺和明确的经济效益，为当地社区。最重要的是，它的设计必须在项目生命周期之外具有连续性。针对上述情况，OCEAN CITIZEN提案代表了一种新的恢复方法，其中（1）恢复被描述为具有普遍存在属性的工具箱，因此在代表不同海洋生态系统的3个地点进行（在其中一个地点，所有工具都在一起使用）和不同的环境：亚热带、热带和寒温带;（2）建立并认可“海洋园丁”职业，包括详细的课程;（3）该项目的目标是恢复最被忽视的海洋生物群落，包括各种类型的海洋森林生物（海草、海藻、海绵、珊瑚、柳珊瑚等）; (4)应用了新的生态工程方面，包括综合多营养水生生物和智能增强型珊瑚礁（SER）; Sers作为大规模招募和移植MF生物的基质（5），在陆地上和从浅水、中光到大陆架地区的原位进行（90-100米深）;（6）固碳和碳汇的新方法;（7）公民和当地利益相关者的充分参与，并提供完整的商业plan.no项目摘要。

Following the non-achievement of the AICHI targets and most of the Good Environmental Status objectives for 2020, active restoration has been emerged (also envisaged by the EU) as one of the preferred tools that may boost sequels of marine protected areas and other conservation measures. Restoration acts promote biodiversity, enhance carbon sequestration and accelerate coastal and offshore resilience. Yet, we still lack a program that combines conservation and restoration under a unified setting, as the involvement of local citizen, embracing socio-economic parameters into opportunities. Thus, an advanced restoration program must conjoin ecological perspectives together with societal commitment and clear economic benefits for local communities. Above all, it must be designed with continuity beyond the lifespan of a project. Responding to the above, OCEAN CITIZEN proposal represent a novel restoration approach in which (1) restoration is depicted as a toolbox holding ubiquitous properties and as such it is experienced in 3 sites, representing different marine ecosystems (in one of the sites all tools are used in concert) and different environments: subtropical, tropical and cold temperate; (2) a profession of “gardeners of the sea” is created and endorsed, including detailed curriculum; (3) the project targets the restoration of the most neglected marine biome, encompassing the various types of Marine Forest (MF) organisms (seagrasses, seaweeds, sponges, corals, gorgonians, etc.);(4) new ecoengineering aspects are applied, including Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture and Smart Enhanced Reefs (SER); the SERs act as substrates for massive recruitment and transplantation of MF organisms (5) the is performed on land, and in situ, from shallow, mesophotic to continental shelf areas (to 90-100 meters depth); (6) a novel approach for C sequestering and sink (7) the full involvement of citizens and local stakeholders with a complete business plan.no project summary.