Understanding Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules: Implications for Child Health and Development

项目总结/摘要 鉴于劳动力市场的重大结构性变化，母亲的就业经历明显不同 比过去几十年。随着母亲们在过去大幅增加了劳动力参与率， 50年来，服务业的增长和“24/7经济”的兴起导致了就业机会的增加， 传统的周一至周五上午9点至下午5点工作周之外的非标准时间表。目前的高 普遍存在的产妇非标准工作时间表引起了人们对以下问题的潜在不利影响的关注： 儿童的健康和发展。然而，先前关于母亲工作时间表和孩子结果的研究 过时，主要依赖于20世纪80年代至21世纪初的家庭样本。不稳定性增加 从那时起，在儿童保育和早期教育方面的就业和公共投资表明， 关于母亲与子女在一起的时间和儿童保育安排的工作时间表，最终是关于儿童福祉的工作时间表， 也发生了变化拟议的研究旨在进一步了解产妇就业如何影响 近几十年来的变化及其对儿童和家庭的影响：（1）记录和解释 过去30年来母亲工作时间和时间表的趋势;（2）评估协会如何 母亲的工作时间表、母亲与孩子在一起的时间和儿童保育安排之间的关系发生了变化 随着时间的推移，由于儿童保育和早期教育计划的公共支出增加;以及（3） 研究母亲的工作时间表如何与儿童的健康和发展成果相关联， 当代，全国代表性的美国家庭样本，以及测试多个，关键调解人 这些协会。该项目将产生关于母亲就业如何影响儿童的新发现 健康和发展，以便就如何进行最佳干预作出知情的政策决定 并支持儿童和家庭在整个生命过程中改善健康和福祉。K 01奖将 为Alejandra Ros Pilarz博士提供成为独立研究员和领导者所需的培训。 父母就业如何影响儿童健康和发展的专家。的广泛研究 基础设施和早期职业调查人员的支持，中心丰富的智力环境， 人口与生态研究所和贫穷问题研究所，以及一个坚定的专家指导小组 在各自的领域使威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的理想环境，完成 拟议的研究和培训活动。拟议的培训计划将允许Pilarz博士获得 指导和指导，以满足以下职业目标：（1）增加实质性的知识， 人口学和人口学方法;（2）增加对家庭过程、儿童 健康和儿童中期发展;（3）熟练掌握先进的定量方法。的 K 01奖将产生R 01提案，该提案建立在Pilarz博士新获得的实质性知识基础上， 方法技能，并将有助于启动Pilarz博士的职业生涯作为一个独立的研究人员。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Given significant, structural changes in the labor market, mothers' employment experiences differ markedly today than in previous decades. As mothers dramatically increased their labor force participation over the past 50 years, the growth of the service sector and rise of the “24/7 economy” led to an increase in jobs with nonstandard schedules outside of the traditional Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm work week. The current high prevalence of maternal nonstandard work schedules raises concerns about the potential adverse effects on children's health and development. Yet, prior research on mothers' work schedules and child outcomes is outdated, relying predominantly on samples of families from the 1980s to early 2000s. Increases in precarious jobs and public investments in child care and early education since then suggest that the effects of mothers' work schedules on mothers' time with children and child care arrangements, and ultimately on child well-being, have also changed. The proposed research aims to further knowledge on how maternal employment has changed in recent decades and its implications for children and families by: (1) documenting and explaining trends in mothers' work hours and schedules over the past 30 years; (2) assessing how the associations between mothers' work schedules, mothers' time with children, and child care arrangements have changed over time and as a result of increased public spending on child care and early education programs; and (3) examining how mothers' work schedules are associated with children's health and development outcomes in a contemporary, nationally-representative sample of U.S. households, as well as testing multiple, key mediators of these associations. The project will generate novel findings on how mothers' employment matters for child health and development that are necessary for making informed policy decisions about how to best intervene and support children and families to improve health and well-being over the life course. This K01 award would provide Dr. Alejandra Ros Pilarz with the training required to become an independent researcher and leading expert in how parental employment matters for child health and development. The extensive research infrastructure and support for early career investigators, rich, intellectual environment at the Center for Demography and Ecology and Institute for Research on Poverty, and a committed mentoring team of experts in their respective fields make the University of Wisconsin-Madison an ideal environment to complete the proposed research and training activities. The proposed training plan would allow Dr. Pilarz to receive instruction and mentorship toward meeting the following career goals: (1) increasing substantive knowledge in demography and demographic methods; (2) increasing substantive knowledge of family processes, child health, and middle childhood development; and (3) gaining proficiency in advanced quantitative methods. The K01 award will lead to an R01 proposal that builds on Dr. Pilarz's newly-acquired substantive knowledge and methodological skills and will help launch Dr. Pilarz's career as an independent researcher.