Virtual Stability verification of Remanufactured and Electrified non-road mobile Machinery (VS-REM)

非道路移动机械(NRMM)对英国的经济增长至关重要。然而，它也是全球变暖的主要原因。在欧洲，NRMM约占总NOx排放量的15%，占PM总排放量的5%，每年约有1亿吨二氧化碳当量排放，相当于温室气体排放量的2%(Poulsen，2017)。英国政府从2035年起禁止销售由内燃机(ICE)驱动的新NRMM，现有的ICE NRMM将不得不在服务结束(Eos)时报废，而这些NRMM的内在价值(成本、排放、资源)将被摧毁。Eos ICE NRMM的再制造和电气化(RE)提供了一个有希望的解决方案。Eos ICE NRMM将现有的Eos组件重新制造到全新的条件，并用零排放电驱动取代ICE动力驱动。它保留了Eos NRMM的价值，可使用10至15年的零排放使用寿命。它比新的NRMM便宜20%到40%，排放量减少15%，交货期减少50%。但是，目前Eos NRMM对RE的吸收非常低，主要是由于两个因素：(A)对再制造和电气化(RE-ed)NRMM的UKCA/CE标志的法律重新认证要求，责任从原始设备制造商(OEM)转移到Eos NRMM的所有者资产管理公司(AMCs)。从ICE切换到电动可能会改变重量分布，导致稳定性发生变化。因此，稳定性测试通常需要作为UKCA/CE标志的一部分。然而，资产管理公司往往没有重新认证和稳定性测试的知识和/或资源。(B)资产管理公司对重新认证的NRMM能够满足稳定性和UKCA/CE认证要求缺乏信心。VS-REM最初专注于叉车，旨在开发和评估虚拟分析原型工具的可行性，以测试、优化和可视化RE-ed NRMM的稳定性，模仿获得UKCA/CE认证的物理稳定性测试要求。这使得通过物理稳定性测试并在稳定性方面与原始NRMM一样好或更好的“第一次正确”重新教育NRMM成为可能。这给了AMC在概念阶段对RE-ed NRMM的信心，然后在财务上承诺物理地承担RE，否则可能是昂贵、耗时和容易出错的。VS-REM是一项改变游戏规则的创新，并且没有替代的现有解决方案。

Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) is crucial for the UK's economic growth. However, it is also a major contributor to global warming. In Europe, NRMM contributes to around 15% of the total NOx emissions, 5% of total PM emissions and is accountable for roughly 100 million tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually, corresponding to 2% of greenhouse gas emissions (Poulsen, 2017). The UK government has banned the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) powered NRMM as of 2035 and existing ICE NRMMs will have to be scrapped at the end-of-service (EoS), while the embedded value (cost, emission, resource) of these NRMMs will be destroyed.Remanufacturing and Electrification (RE) of EoS ICE NRMM, which remanufactures the existing EoS components to a like-new condition and replaces the ICE power drive with a zero-emission electrical drive, offers a promising solution. It retains the value of EoS NRMMs for 10 to 15 years of zero-emission service life. It is 20% to 40% cheaper, has 15% less emissions and 50% less lead time than new NRMM.However, currently, the uptake of RE of EoS NRMM is very low, largely due to two factors:(a)The legal recertification requirement for UKCA/CE mark for the Remanufactured and Electrified (RE-ed) NRMM the responsibility for which is shifted from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to Asset Management Companies (AMCs), the owners of the EoS NRMM. The switch from ICE to Electrical could change the weight distribution, leading to a change in stability. Thus, a stability test is often required as part of the UKCA/CE mark. However, AMCs often do not have the knowledge and/or resources for recertification and the stability test.(b)a lack of confidence by AMCs that the RE-ed NRMM could meet the stability and UKCA/CE mark requirement.With an initial focus on forklifts, VS-REM aims to develop and assess the feasibility of a virtual analytical prototype tool to test, optimise and visualise the stability of RE-ed NRMM mimicking the physical stability test requirements for obtaining a UKCA/CE mark. This enables "right-at-the-first-time" RE-ed NRMM that passes the physical stability test and performs as good as, or better than, the original NRMM in terms of stability. This gives AMCs confidence in the RE-ed NRMM at the concept stage, before financially committing to physically undertaking RE which could otherwise be expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone.VS-REM is a game-changing innovation , and there is no alternative existing solution for this.