Virtual Stability verification of Remanufactured and Electrified non-road mobile Machinery (VS-REM)

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Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) is crucial for the UK's economic growth. However, it is also a major contributor to global warming. In Europe, NRMM contributes to around 15% of the total NOx emissions, 5% of total PM emissions and is accountable for roughly 100 million tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually, corresponding to 2% of greenhouse gas emissions (Poulsen, 2017). The UK government has banned the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) powered NRMM as of 2035 and existing ICE NRMMs will have to be scrapped at the end-of-service (EoS), while the embedded value (cost, emission, resource) of these NRMMs will be destroyed.Remanufacturing and Electrification (RE) of EoS ICE NRMM, which remanufactures the existing EoS components to a like-new condition and replaces the ICE power drive with a zero-emission electrical drive, offers a promising solution. It retains the value of EoS NRMMs for 10 to 15 years of zero-emission service life. It is 20% to 40% cheaper, has 15% less emissions and 50% less lead time than new NRMM.However, currently, the uptake of RE of EoS NRMM is very low, largely due to two factors:(a)The legal recertification requirement for UKCA/CE mark for the Remanufactured and Electrified (RE-ed) NRMM the responsibility for which is shifted from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to Asset Management Companies (AMCs), the owners of the EoS NRMM. The switch from ICE to Electrical could change the weight distribution, leading to a change in stability. Thus, a stability test is often required as part of the UKCA/CE mark. However, AMCs often do not have the knowledge and/or resources for recertification and the stability test.(b)a lack of confidence by AMCs that the RE-ed NRMM could meet the stability and UKCA/CE mark requirement.With an initial focus on forklifts, VS-REM aims to develop and assess the feasibility of a virtual analytical prototype tool to test, optimise and visualise the stability of RE-ed NRMM mimicking the physical stability test requirements for obtaining a UKCA/CE mark. This enables "right-at-the-first-time" RE-ed NRMM that passes the physical stability test and performs as good as, or better than, the original NRMM in terms of stability. This gives AMCs confidence in the RE-ed NRMM at the concept stage, before financially committing to physically undertaking RE which could otherwise be expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone.VS-REM is a game-changing innovation , and there is no alternative existing solution for this.