Enhancing Parent-Child Communication to Reduce Media Influence on Substance Use

摘要 美国青少年药物使用率表明有必要开展循证预防计划 其中包括对酒精、烟草、电子蒸气产品、大麻和阿片类药物的讨论。家长可以 对儿童的药物使用、信仰和行为产生重大影响，对预防至关重要。 不幸的是，许多父母觉得他们对孩子是否吸毒几乎没有影响。而当 关于物质的高质量亲子交流是一个保护因素，父母经常发现它 要有效地与他们的孩子进行这些对话具有挑战性。年轻人消费了过多的媒体 宣传和美化毒品的信息(如广告、社交媒体、流行音乐、电视节目)， 而接触到这些媒体信息会预测年轻人使用毒品。媒介素养教育(MLE)， 包括对媒体信息的批判性分析，是预防青少年吸毒的有效方法， 包括以家庭为基础的青少年预防方案。这个项目的第一个目标是创建媒体世界 Parent(MWP)，一个自定进度的计划，旨在为中学生的父母提供 青少年物质使用知识、媒体中介技能和优质亲子实践 通过高度交互的基于Web的软件应用程序提供的通信方法。它是 假设这个项目将提高家长对开放的效能感和参与感， 关于物质使用的响应、全面和准确的亲子沟通，包括关键的 分析宣传物质使用的媒体信息。反过来，我们假设这些亲子关系 对话将对儿童的媒体素养技能和与物质使用相关的结果产生积极影响(例如， 信仰、意图、行为)。拟议方案将利用媒体识字框架(例如，消息 解释过程模型)被发现在减少危险行为，包括物质使用方面是有效的。这 该项目是创新的，因为该项目扩展了一个成功的理论预防框架，使用 MLE旨在解决媒体对青少年物质使用的通常未解决的影响，涵盖多个 物质，包括电子蒸气产品和阿片类药物，并使用高度互动的网络 移动助推器的功能。该程序将迭代地开发和改进，输入来自 由家长、青年和预防专家组成的多元化咨询小组。第二个目标是进行可行性研究 对随机分配不同样本的亲子对(N=286)的MWP计划的研究 干预组(MWP)或主动控制组(例如，关于青少年的医学上准确的网络内容 物质使用)。家长和青少年将完成岗前评估，这将提供初步测试 对结果产生积极影响的计划有效性。还将使用计划反馈评级来评估 方案的可行性。如果确定了可行性，调查结果将被用来为计划修订和 设计一项更大规模的随机对照试验，以检查该计划随着时间的推移对青少年结果的影响。

Abstract The rates of adolescent substance use in the U.S. indicate the need for evidence-based prevention programs that include a discussion of alcohol, tobacco, electronic vapor products, marijuana, and opioids. Parents can significantly impact their children’s substance use beliefs and behaviors and are vital to prevention. Unfortunately, many parents feel that they have little influence on whether or not their child uses drugs. While high-quality parent-child communication about substances is a protective factor, parents often find it challenging to effectively engage in these conversations with their children. Youth consume a plethora of media messages that promote and glamorize drugs (e.g., advertising, social media, popular music, television shows), and exposure to these media messages predicts youth substance use. Media literacy education (MLE), which includes the critical analyses of media messages, is an effective approach to youth substance use prevention, including family-based youth prevention programming. The first aim of this project is to create Media World Parent (MWP), a self-paced program designed to provide parents of middle school-aged students with knowledge about teen substance use, media mediation skills, and practice in high quality parent-adolescent communication methods delivered through a highly interactive web-based software application. It is hypothesized that this program will enhance parents’ feelings of efficacy for and participation in open, responsive, comprehensive, and accurate parent-child communication about substance use, including critically analysis of media messages that promote substance use. In turn, we hypothesize that these parent-child conversations will positively impact children’s media literacy skills and outcomes related to substance use (e.g., beliefs, intentions, behavior). The proposed program will utilize a media literacy framework (e.g., Message Interpretation Process model) found to be effective in reducing risk behaviors, including substance use. This project is innovative because the program expands upon a successful theoretical prevention framework, uses MLE to address the typically unaddressed influence of media on youth substance use, covers multiple substances including electronic vapor products and opioids, and uses highly interactive web-based functionality with mobile boosters. The program will be iteratively developed and refined with input from a diverse Advisory Panel of parents, youth, and prevention specialists. The second aim is to conduct a feasibility study of the MWP program in which a diverse sample of parent-child pairs (N=286) are randomly assigned to an intervention group (MWP) or an active control group (e.g., medically-accurate web content on adolescent substance use). Parents and youth will complete pre-post assessments, which will provide a preliminary test of program effectiveness for positively affecting outcomes. Program feedback ratings will also be used to evaluate program feasibility. If feasibility is determined, findings will be used to inform program revisions and the design of a larger-scale RCT to examine the program’s impact on adolescent outcomes over time.