Placental origins of phthalate-induced changes in fetal reproductive development

摘要/摘要：在怀孕期间，母亲的大脑和胎儿-胎盘单位通过 下丘脑-垂体-胎盘轴(HPP)。这条轴线可能会揭示这种差异 压力暴露对母婴健康的影响补充了我们已经知道的 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴。新冠肺炎大流行加剧了慢性孕产妇 美国结构性种族主义和歧视带来的压力，也加剧了 粮食不安全和SARS-CoV-2感染。怀孕期间的压力和逆境不仅会增加患糖尿病的风险 早产、生长受限和婴儿死亡，但它们也增加了产后产妇的风险 死亡率和发病率(即糖尿病、心脏病、抑郁症)。这个项目的目标是扩大 在我们现行的R01(ES029336-04)中对产妇环境的定义，包括结构性种族主义和 歧视(SRD)、SARS-CoV-2感染以及加工食品和外卖食品的消费 粮食不安全加剧的作用。同样，我们将扩大我们的结果，以包括怀孕结果 以及产妇产后健康的衡量标准。我们项目中的主要生物介体是胎盘人。 绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)，我们将用它来解释母体产前环境的途径 (3)新冠肺炎和自杀性疾病对产后孕产妇健康结局的影响。这项建议是一个补充。 一个受资助的项目，评估胎盘在调节邻苯二甲酸盐对胎儿影响中的作用 人类妊娠早期的生殖系统发育。在拟议的补编中，一名博士生 在流行病学中，谁是科学上代表性不足的群体的成员将被要求完成 流行病学博士课程；2)进行胎盘生物标志物的实验室研究； 以及3)开发一个关于公共卫生的理论、实践和分析方面的论文项目 干预。在实现上述目标的同时，候选人还将帮助完成R01和 R01的竞争性版本。作为博士培训的一部分，学者将增加知识和 具备环境健康、流行病学、因果推断和高维分析方面的技能。这将是 为她进入科学工作大军做好准备，成为一名多产的独立研究人员。

Summary/Abstract: During pregnancy, the maternal brain and the fetal-placental unit are connected by way of an understudied hypothalamic-pituitary-placental (HPP) axis. This axis may shed light on the differential effects of stress exposure on maternal and fetal well-being complementing what we already know about the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the chronic maternal stressors arising from structural racism and discrimination in the U.S., and has also heightened disparities in food insecurity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stress and adversity in pregnancy not only increase risks of preterm birth, growth restriction and infant mortality, but they also heighten risk of postpartum maternal mortality and morbidity too (i.e., diabetes, heart disease, depression). The goal of this project is to expand the definition of maternal environment in our current R01 (ES029336-04) to include structural racism and discrimination (SRD), SARS-CoV-2 infection, and consumption of processed food and take-out meals as a function of heightened food insecurity. Likewise, we will expand our outcomes to include pregnancy outcomes and measures of maternal postpartum health. The primary biologic mediator in our project is placental human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which we will use to explain pathways from the maternal prenatal environment (i.e. COVID-19 and SRD) to maternal health outcomes in the postpartum period. This proposal is a supplement to a funded project that evaluates the role of the placenta in mediating the effects of phthalates on fetal reproductive system development in early human pregnancy. In the proposed supplement, a doctoral student in Epidemiology who is a member of an underrepresented group in science will 1) complete required coursework for the Epidemiology doctoral program; 2) conduct laboratory research in placental biomarkers; and 3) develop a dissertation project on theoretical, practical, and analytical aspects of public health intervention. While fulfilling the above aims, the candidate will also help to complete the Aims of the R01 and the competing revision of the R01. As part of this doctoral training, the scholar will increase knowledge and skills in environmental health, epidemiology, causal inference, and high dimensional analyses. This will prepare her to enter the scientific work force as a productive and independent researcher.