Biochar absorption mats for the reduction of ammonia emissions from agricultural practices

氨排放对自然栖息地、河流和湖泊以及人类健康都是有害的，英国87%的氨排放来自农业。政府承诺到2030年将氨排放量在2005年的基础上减少16%。该项目提出了一种解决方案，通过结合两种产品——工程生物炭和铺地胶——来最大限度地减少氨（以及其他形式的“未使用氮”）。单独来说，两者或多或少都存在竞争，但由于生产的特定性质（使用装载NH3的原料进行炭制）以及在固碳的同时结合NH3和其他有害化合物的目的，最终产品没有直接竞争。**生物炭**被认为是一场双重的绿色革命，既具有固碳作用（将碳储存在土壤中，又减少大气中的碳），又具有土壤修复作用。经过一些化学或物理活化，生物炭可以作为一种优良的吸收/吸附材料。与土工布结合，生物炭可用于生产用于不同农业实践的吸收层垫。与研发工作（通过热解从农业废物流中生产生物炭，制作和测试层吸收垫“原型”）并行，将进行额外的案头研究，包括：(1)生物炭生产（从生物质和鸡粪）及其工程（激活吸收研究）的文献综述；(2)评估扩大路线（“从原型到产品”）和评估潜在市场。

**Ammonia emissions** are harmful to natural habitats and our rivers and lakes, as well as to human health, with 87% of the UK's ammonia emissions coming from farming. The Government has committed to reducing ammonia emissions by 16% reduction of 2005 levels by 2030\. The project proposes a solution to **minimalize ammonia** (and other forms of "unused nitrogen") by the combination of two products, _**engineered biochar**_ and _**ply matting**_. Separately, both have a competition to a greater or lesser extent, but the final product has no direct competition due to the specific nature of production (using NH3-loaded feedstock for the char) and the purpose of binding NH3 and other harmful compounds while sequestering carbon. **Biochar** is considered as a double green revolution, serving both carbon sequestration (storage of carbon in the soil and reduction of carbon in the atmosphere) and soil amendment purposes. After some chemical or physical activation, biochar can be used as an excellent absorbent/adsorbent material. In combination with **geotextiles**, biochar can be used for the production of **absorption ply mats** used in different **agricultural practices**. Parallel to the R&D works (biochar production from agricultural waste streams via pyrolysis, fabrication and testing of ply absorption mats "prototype", additional desk studies will be performed including: (1) Literature review for biochar production (from biomass and chicken litter) and its engineering (activation for absorption studies); and (2) Assessment of scaling up routes ("prototype to product") and assessment of the potential market.