Demographic Patterns of Eugenic Sterilization in Five U.S. States: Mixed Methods Investigation of Reproductive Control of the 'Unfit'

项目总结/摘要 从1907年印第安纳州通过美国第一个州绝育法到20世纪70年代，大约有6万人 人们根据优生标准进行绝育，旨在限制“不适合”的生育。研究 研究小组对四个州（加州、北卡罗来纳州、爱荷华州和 密歇根州）对州优生学法律的范围和影响有了新的认识，强调了他们的 对拉丁裔/o男性和女性的歧视性影响，亚洲移民，黑人妇女，美洲原住民，年轻人 人与人之间，“心有灵犀”。研究人员已经开发出强大的混合方法分析 将严格的定量方法与深入的定性分析相结合，以强调 受这些政策影响的成千上万人的生活经历，特别是在胁迫方面， 每个国家采用的法律的和同意程序。 这一拟议的更新申请扩展了正在进行的优生学流行病学和历史分析 绝育数据，重点是各州优生绝育法应用的差异，以及 受绝育影响最大的人口群体随时间的变化。研究人员将增加数据， 在犹他州，有700多人被考虑进行优生绝育手术，这使得该项目更具地区代表性 并将数据集扩展到包括五个州超过32，000人的信息。 调查人员将继续根据性别，年龄， 种族、国籍、诊断、同意过程、时间段和地理位置。他们利用人口 从美国人口普查数据中得出的估计基于人口的绝育率的估计值， 比较各州和不同时期绝育的人口模式。调查人员还将继续 创新混合方法的方法，以更丰富地了解32，000人的经验 在优生学时代绝育的人 拟议的项目与人类基因组学中的许多伦理、法律的和社会问题交叉， 新的学术知识，其中一个特定的变异的遗传决定论导致了 国家强制剥夺生育能力的现象普遍存在。它与NHGRI的关键部分保持一致， 战略愿景，包括理解在非医学领域应用基因组学的影响，如 执法，以及研究遗传与生物行为特征，如 智力或社会地位。独特的定量和定性数据源提供了建立 对整个世纪优生思想嬗变的扩展的时间顺序理解。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT From the passage of the first US state sterilization law in Indiana in 1907 until the 1970s, approximately 60,000 people were sterilized based on eugenic criteria designed to limit the reproduction of the “unfit”. The study team’s extended analyses of 31,000 sterilization records in four states (California, North Carolina, Iowa, and Michigan) have shed new light on the scope and impact of state eugenics laws, underscoring their discriminatory effects on Latina/o men and women, Asian immigrants, Black women, Native Americans, young people, and people deemed “feebleminded”. The investigators have developed robust mixed-methods analytic processes to merge rigorous quantitative methods with in-depth qualitative analyses to underscore the unique lived experiences of the thousands of people affected by these policies, especially with regard to coercion in the legal and consent processes employed by each state. This proposed renewal application extends ongoing epidemiologic and historical analysis of eugenic sterilization data, focusing on differences in the application of eugenic sterilization laws across states, and changes over time in the population groups most affected by sterilization. The investigators will add data on over 700 people considered for eugenic sterilization in Utah, making the project more regionally representative and expanding the dataset to include information on over 32,000 people in five states. The investigators will continue to describe patterns of sterilization in five states according to gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, diagnosis, consent process, time period and geography. They use population denominators derived from US Census data to estimate population-based sterilization rates to formally compare demographic patterns in sterilization across states and over time. The investigators will also continue to innovate mixed-methods approaches to generate a richer understanding of the experiences of 32,000 people sterilized during the eugenics era. The proposed project intersects with numerous ethical, legal, and social issues in human genomics, providing new scholarly knowledge about the ways in which a particular variant of genetic determinism resulted in the widespread state-mandated deprivation of reproductive capacity. It aligns with key portions of NHGRI’s Strategic Vision, including understanding the implications of applying genomics in non-medical realms such as law enforcement, and the implications of studying genetic associations with bio-behavioral traits such as intelligence or social status. The unique quantitative and qualitative data sources present opportunities to build an extended chronological understanding of the transmutation of eugenic ideas throughout the 20th century.