Demographic Patterns of Eugenic Sterilization in Five U.S. States: Mixed Methods Investigation of Reproductive Control of the 'Unfit'

项目摘要/摘要 从1907年美国印第安纳州通过第一部州绝育法到20世纪70年代，大约有6万人 人们是根据优生标准进行绝育的，这些标准旨在限制不适合生育的人的繁殖。这项研究 该团队对四个州(加利福尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州、爱荷华州和爱荷华州)的3.1万份绝育记录进行了扩展分析 密歇根州)已经对州优生法的范围和影响有了新的了解，强调了他们的 对拉丁裔男女、亚洲移民、黑人妇女、美洲原住民、年轻人的歧视影响 人，以及那些被认为是“弱智”的人。研究人员开发了稳健的混合分析方法 将严格的定量方法与深入的定性分析相结合的过程，以强调独特的 受这些政策影响的数千人的亲身经历，特别是在#年的胁迫方面 各州采用的法律和同意程序。 这项拟议的续签申请扩展了正在进行的优生的流行病学和历史分析 灭菌数据，侧重于各州优生绝育法律适用的差异，以及 受绝育影响最大的人群随时间的变化。调查人员将增加关于 在犹他州，超过700人考虑进行优生绝育，使该项目更具地区代表性 并扩大数据集，包括五个州超过3.2万人的信息。 调查人员将继续描述五个州的绝育模式，根据性别、年龄、 种族、国籍、诊断、同意程序、时间段和地理位置。他们使用人口 从美国人口普查数据得出的分母，以正式方式估计基于人口的绝育率 比较各州和一段时间内绝育手术的人口统计模式。调查人员还将继续 创新混合方法，更丰富地了解32,000人的经验 在优生学时代，人们进行了绝育手术。 拟议的项目涉及人类基因组学中的许多伦理、法律和社会问题，提供 关于基因决定论的一种特定变体如何导致 国家强制普遍剥夺生育能力。它与NHGRI的关键部分保持一致 战略愿景，包括了解在非医学领域应用基因组学的含义，例如 执法，以及研究遗传与生物行为特征的关联的含义，例如 智力或社会地位。独特的定量和定性数据源提供了构建 对整个20世纪优生思想转化的扩展时间顺序的理解。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT From the passage of the first US state sterilization law in Indiana in 1907 until the 1970s, approximately 60,000 people were sterilized based on eugenic criteria designed to limit the reproduction of the “unfit”. The study team’s extended analyses of 31,000 sterilization records in four states (California, North Carolina, Iowa, and Michigan) have shed new light on the scope and impact of state eugenics laws, underscoring their discriminatory effects on Latina/o men and women, Asian immigrants, Black women, Native Americans, young people, and people deemed “feebleminded”. The investigators have developed robust mixed-methods analytic processes to merge rigorous quantitative methods with in-depth qualitative analyses to underscore the unique lived experiences of the thousands of people affected by these policies, especially with regard to coercion in the legal and consent processes employed by each state. This proposed renewal application extends ongoing epidemiologic and historical analysis of eugenic sterilization data, focusing on differences in the application of eugenic sterilization laws across states, and changes over time in the population groups most affected by sterilization. The investigators will add data on over 700 people considered for eugenic sterilization in Utah, making the project more regionally representative and expanding the dataset to include information on over 32,000 people in five states. The investigators will continue to describe patterns of sterilization in five states according to gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, diagnosis, consent process, time period and geography. They use population denominators derived from US Census data to estimate population-based sterilization rates to formally compare demographic patterns in sterilization across states and over time. The investigators will also continue to innovate mixed-methods approaches to generate a richer understanding of the experiences of 32,000 people sterilized during the eugenics era. The proposed project intersects with numerous ethical, legal, and social issues in human genomics, providing new scholarly knowledge about the ways in which a particular variant of genetic determinism resulted in the widespread state-mandated deprivation of reproductive capacity. It aligns with key portions of NHGRI’s Strategic Vision, including understanding the implications of applying genomics in non-medical realms such as law enforcement, and the implications of studying genetic associations with bio-behavioral traits such as intelligence or social status. The unique quantitative and qualitative data sources present opportunities to build an extended chronological understanding of the transmutation of eugenic ideas throughout the 20th century.