Euclid Legacy Science Advanced analysis tools

欧几里德是欧空局于2023年7月发射的太空望远镜，旨在了解暗能量和暗物质的性质。为了实现这一目标，欧几里德将用高分辨率成像和光谱技术观测超过三分之一的天空，这将建立未来几十年银河系外天体的参考地图。制作的巨型档案将成为研究宇宙时代星系形成和增长历史的金矿，推动许多基础科学问题的答案，如星系和超大质量黑洞的共同进化，宇宙中午星系中恒星、气体和星系核之间的相互作用，以及在发现包括引力透镜在内的稀有天体方面表现出色。然而，最丰富的金矿脉也是最难开发的：为欧几里得初级科学开发的工具将不足以为天文学界打开丰富的遗产。因此，我们建议ELSA探索新的方法，创造尖端的管道、工具和算法。我们雄心勃勃的目标是将光谱分析的边界推向极限，揭示即使是欧几里德测量到的最暗最稀有的星系的隐藏细节。我们将利用最先进的机器学习来有效地处理高维数据，并揭示它们编码的潜在物理过程。这将需要专门的计算资源和精通最先进技术的高度积极的研究人员，他们将与我们在星系演化领域的领先专家团队合作，揭示保存在欧几里德金库中的珍宝。我们的机器学习将得到公民科学的补充，极大地扩大了ELSA的影响范围。ELSA将是知识和先进工具的锻造，不会局限于我们团队的边界，而是与整个科学界和更远的地方共享，以促进新的项目和不可预见的发现。

Euclid is an ESA space telescope launching in July 2023, designed to understand the nature of dark energy and dark matter. To achieve this, Euclid will observe over a third of the sky with high resolution imaging and spectroscopy, which will establish “the” reference map of the extra-galactic celestial sphere for decades to come. The giant archive produced will be a goldmine to study the history of the formation and growth of galaxies over the age of the Universe, driving answers to many fundamental science questions on the co evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes, the interaction between stars, gas, and galactic nuclei in galaxies at cosmic noon, and excelling in the discovery of rare objects including gravitational lenses. However, the richest gold veins are also the most difficult to exploit: the tools developed for Euclid’s primary science will not be enough to open the rich legacy for the astronomical community. We therefore propose ELSA to explore new methodologies and create cutting-edge pipelines, tools and algorithms. Our ambitious goal is to push the boundaries of spectroscopic analysis to the limits, uncovering hidden details of even the faintest and rarest galaxies measured by Euclid. We will leverage state of the art machine learning to efficiently handle the high-dimensional data and reveal the underlying physical processes they encode. This will need dedicated computing resources and highly motivated researchers versed in the most advanced techniques, that will work with our team of leading experts in the field of galaxy evolution to reveal the treasures preserved in the Euclid vault. Our machine learning will be supplemented by citizen science, enormously extending the reach of ELSA’s impact. ELSA will be a forge of knowledge and advanced tools that will not be confined within the boundaries of our teams, but shared with the whole scientific community and beyond to foster new projects and unforeseen discoveries.