Using real-time data capture to examine affective mechanisms as mediators of physical activity adherence in interventions

项目总结 癌症仍然是导致死亡的主要原因。在美国，大约42%的癌症病例可能是 可以避免的，包括15%是由超重和缺乏运动引起的。然而，大多数美国成年人是 身体不活跃。公共卫生指南建议结合活动强度、频率和 达到每周至少150分钟的中等到剧烈强度体力活动的持续时间。而当 这种方法产生了健康益处，但它未能解决可能导致以下问题的体力活动特征 可持续性，如行为过程中的情感体验。为了促进长期维护，证据- 需要基于描述如何将情感融入到体育活动中的策略 建议。虽然有些人在体育活动中体验到快乐，但它可能是极端的 对其他人来说不愉快，特别是在超重和不活跃的人中。激励显著理论提出 行为期间的情感反应(例如，喜欢、不喜欢)影响情感充斥的动机(例如， 想要、害怕)从事未来的行为。然而，改变这些情感机制是否是一种 增加体力活动的有效干预方法尚不清楚。使用一种实验药物 方法，这项第一阶段试验将测试情感机制是否可以通过实验来操纵 在真实世界的环境中，以及情感机制是否中介了干预对身体的影响 癌症风险较高的成年人的活动行为。路径将通过每天的自我测试 使用交互式移动技术在身体不活跃的成年人(18-65岁)中实施的监管干预 年)超重或肥胖。在基于情感的情况下，自我调节策略将以日常目标为目标 与身体活动期间的享受和感觉良好有关。相比之下，基于强度的条件将针对 体力活动期间的每日心率目标。对基于情感的条件有两个增强：(1)量身定做 满足个人重要心理需求的活动类型和情境建议；(2)品尝 在体育活动中提高积极情绪的显着性的练习。形成性研究(N=36)将 在内容的可接受性和可行性方面反复测试和改进处理实现， 交付、使用和参与。随后，为期16周的比较研究(N=280)将优化 采用析因(x内x间)交叉设计的处理效果。情感机制与生理 将使用实时生态瞬时评估(EMA)来测量日常生活中的活动量 分别进行了加速度计。具体目标是(1)试验治疗以试验性地操纵情感 机制，(2)确定情感机制是否调节治疗对体力活动的影响， 以及(3)探索跨人和跨情境的调节作用，如自我调节能力和 情境因素。总体而言，这项研究是有影响力的，因为它满足了对系统性的明确需求 将基本行为科学过程转化为新的健康行为干预措施。

PROJECT SUMMARY Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality. Approximately 42% of cancer cases in the U.S. are potentially avoidable, including 15% caused by excess body weight and physical inactivity. However, most U.S. adults are physically inactive. Public health guidelines recommend combinations of activity intensity, frequency, and duration to achieve a “dose” of at least 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. While this approach produces health benefits, it fails to address features of physical activity that may lead to sustainability such as emotional experiences during behavior. To promote long-term maintenance, evidence- based strategies are needed describing how affect can be incorporated into physical activity recommendations. Although some people experience pleasure during physical activity, it can be extremely unpleasant for others, especially among overweight and inactive individuals. Incentive salience theory proposes affective responses (e.g., liking, disliking) during behavior influence affectively-charged motivations (e.g., wanting, dreading) to engage in future behaviors. However, whether modifying these affective mechanisms is a useful intervention approach for increasing for physical activity is unknown. Using an experimental medicine approach, this Phase 1 trial will test whether affective mechanisms can be experimentally manipulated in real-world settings and whether affective mechanisms mediate the effects of interventions on physical activity behavior among adults who are at elevated cancer risk. Pathways will be tested through a daily self- regulation intervention delivered using interactive mobile technology among physically inactive adults (18-65 years) who are overweight or obese. In an affect-based condition, self-regulation strategies will target daily goals related to enjoyment and feeling good during physical activity. In contrast, an intensity-based condition will target daily heart rate goals during physical activity. Two enhancements to the affect-based condition are: (1) tailored activity type and context recommendations to satisfy personally important psychological needs and (2) savoring practices to increase the saliency of positive emotions during physical activity. A Formative study (N=36) will iteratively test and refine the treatment implementation in terms of acceptability and feasibility of the content, delivery, usage, and engagement. Subsequently, a 16-week Comparison study (N=280) will optimize the treatment effects using a factorial (within x between) cross-over design. Affective mechanisms and physical activity will be measured in daily life using real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry, respectively. Specific aims are (1) test treatments to experimentally manipulate affective mechanisms, (2) determine whether affective mechanisms mediate effects of treatments on physical activity, and (3) explore cross-person and cross-situation moderating effects such as self-regulatory capacity and situational factors. Overall, this study is impactful because it fulfills an explicit need for the systematic translation of fundamental behavioral science processes into new health behavioral interventions.