SPEECH ACCOMMODATIONS BY AND TO OLDER ADULTS

太少的研究考察了与年龄相关的谈话变化和 人际沟通或情景和环境因素 包括针对老年人的演讲限制或阻碍老年人 成年人的日常活动、对话互动和人际关系 互动。 所表达的研究将提供描述性和实验数据 关于句法的复杂性。语义内容、语篇 面向老年人的语音的结构和声学特性 成年人。据称，演讲者通过有系统地修改他们的演讲 采用“长者语言”登记册，以加强与 尽管对这一说法的经验支持有限，但对老年人的支持是有限的。这个 具体目标是：1.系统地检验说话人的假设 使用描述性数据修改针对老年人的演讲 心理状态。2.检验年轻人是否有能力 系统修改。语音作为任务难度的函数， 老年人听者和言语的知觉功能特征 来自年长的听众的提示。3.测试老年人是否 也能够在称呼年轻人和老年人时修改他们的讲话 对话者。4.检验长辈语言增强作用的假设 年轻人和老年人都能理解和促进交流。 提出了五项研究：每项研究都使用了一项参照交际任务 哪一个成员试图向另一个成员传达指定的信息 二分体的一员。说话者和听话者一旦相遇，就是 分开，这样每个人都可以听到对方的声音，但不能超过另一个人。任务 困难重重。听众的感知特征，即 听众的回应风格和演讲者的风格可以被操纵来 在自然或受控的条件下进行语言调节。 这项研究将确定演讲是否针对老年人 可以说是一种特殊的语音语域，是否使用过 这种“长辈语言”的风格因情景和环境而异。 各种因素。它还将有助于制定适当的和 有效的语言调节，以增强和维护老年人 成人的会话互动和人际关系。

Too little research has examined age-related changes to conversation and interpersonal communication or how situational and environmental factors including the speech addressed to older adults limit or hinder older adults daily activities, conversational interactions, and interpersonal interactions. The expressed research will provide descriptive and experimental data concerning the syntactic complexity. Semantic content, discourse structure and acoustic characteristic of the speech addressed to older adults. Speakers are alleged to systematically modify their speech by adopting an "elderspeak" register in order to enhance communication with older adults although empirical support for this claim is limited. The specific aims are: 1. To test the hypothesis that speaker systemically modify the speech addressed to older adults with descriptive data on the psychologistic conditions. 2. To test the hypothesis that young adults systematically modify. Speech as a function of task difficulty, the perceived functional characteristics of older adults listeners and verbal cues from older adult listeners. 3. To test whether older adults are also able to modify their speech when addressing young versus older interlocutors. 4. To test the hypothesis that elderspeak enhances younger and older adults comprehension and facilitates communication. Five studies are proposed: each uses a referential communication task in which one member of attempts to convey specified information to the other member of the dyad. The speaker and listener, once they have met, are separated so that each may hear the other but cannot sec the other. Task difficulty. The perceived characteristics of the listener, the listeners' response style, and the speakers' style can be manipulated to elicit speech accommodations under naturalistic or controlled condition. This research will determine whether the speech addressed to older adults can be characterized as a special speech register and whether the used of this "elderspeak" style varies with situational and environmental factors. It will also contribute to the development of appropriate and effective speech accommodations in order to enhance and maintain older adults' conversational interactions and interpersonal relations.