SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION OF ANABOLIC STEROID USE

申请人摘要： 合成类固醇(AS)的使用有许多有害的健康影响。 然而，青少年使用，特别是在从事高风险工作的人中 学校橄榄球(HS)的数量正在增加。由于可用性在以下几个方面有所不同 32%和60%，在此期间使用从1.1%增加到5.7% 1987-1991年在俄勒冈州波特兰大都市区。在1987年间， 每36名HS橄榄球运动员声称类固醇可用，一名学生 用作。这增加到每6个报告就有一个球员使用AS 1991年上市。超过250,000名青少年正在使用或已经使用 就像在美国一样。这项提议的目的是发展和 评估以学校为基础的预防计划，旨在预防 在高危青少年中启动和使用AS和其他药物。 这项干预是基于五年的前瞻性预防 研究并使用多维、认知-行为方法， 包括AS的知识，作为替代品进行推广(营养和 锻炼)，以及抵抗力和沟通技能训练。该计划 在个人、同龄人、成人和环境层面进行干预。 在02学年、03学年、04学年和05学年，所有36岁从事足球运动的学生 高中将按学校随机分配到以下两组中的一组： 1)20次干预：12次课堂干预，8次每周干预 运动训练周期或2)最低限度的信息控制。 干预组件将由教练、同行和认证人员提供 运动教练。该干预将每年重复一次，用于新的 运动员，每年为归来的运动员提供额外的助推器 在03、04和05年。教练、家长和同伴教育工作者将 接受有关计划目标和实施的指导。 调查问卷将在干预前后进行 在年终跟踪时，评估可获得性、知识、态度、 意图使用和使用AS和其他药物。态度和行为 有关营养和锻炼的内容，以及 人口统计、抵抗技能、环境因素、心理因素 结构、同伴影响和人体测量。计划 将通过录音带、观察来评估实施及其效果 和调查。该计划所针对的调解人之间的联系 将对药物成分和减少药物使用进行研究。两国关系 具有积极和消极结果的干预组成部分 (知识、态度、意图和行为)将被确定。这个 研究将确定AS使用的保护和风险因素，并提供 理解如何以及在什么条件下可以使用 被阻止了。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: Anabolic steroid (AS) use has many detrimental health effects. Nevertheless, adolescent use, especially among those engaged in high school (HS) football, is increasing. AS availability has varied between 32 and 60%, with use increasing from 1.1% to 5.7% during the period 1987-1991 in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. During 1987, for every 36 HS football players claiming steroid availability, one student used AS. This increased to one player using AS for every 6 reporting availability in 1991. Over 250,000 adolescents are using or have used AS in the United States. The aim of this proposal is to develop and evaluate a school-based AS prevention program designed to prevent initiation and use of AS and other drugs among high risk adolescents. The intervention is based on five years of prospective prevention research and uses a multidimensional, cognitive-behavioral approach, including knowledge of AS, promoting AS alternatives (nutrition and exercise), and resistance and communication skill training. The program intervenes at the individual, peer, adult and environmental levels. In study years 02, 03, 04, and 05 all students engaged in football at 36 high schools will be randomly assigned by school to one of two groups: 1) a 20 session intervention: 12 in a classroom setting and 8 weekly exercise training periods or 2) a minimum information control. Intervention components will be delivered by coaches, peers and certified athletic trainers. The intervention will be repeated annually for new players, with additional yearly booster sessions for returning athletes during years 03, 04 and 05. Coaches, parents and peer educators will receive instruction on program objectives and implementation. Questionnaires will be administered prior to and after the intervention and at year-end follow-up, to assess availability, knowledge, attitudes, intent to use and use of AS and other drugs. Attitudes and behaviors concerning nutrition and exercise will be examined, along with demographics, resistance skills, environmental factors, intrapsychic constructs, peer influences and anthropometric measures. Program implementation and its effects will be assessed by audiotape, observation and surveys. The link between mediators targeted by the program components and reduction of drug use will be studied. The relationship of intervention components with positive and negative outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, intent and behaviors) will be determined. The study will identify protective and risk factors for AS use and provide an understanding of how and under what conditions AS use can be prevented.