SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION OF ANABOLIC STEROID USE

申请人摘要： 合成代谢类固醇（AS）的使用有许多有害的健康影响。 然而，青少年使用，特别是那些从事高 学校足球（HS）正在增加。 AS可用性在以下几种情况下有所不同： 32%和60%，在此期间使用率从1.1%增加到5.7% 1987-1991年在俄勒冈州的波特兰大都市区。 1987年，为 每36名HS足球运动员声称类固醇可用，一名学生 使用AS。 这增加到每6个报告就有一个玩家使用AS 1991年的可用性。 超过250，000名青少年正在使用或已经使用 就像在美国一样。 该提案的目的是发展和 评估以学校为基础的AS预防计划， 在高危青少年中开始和使用AS和其他药物。 该干预措施基于五年的前瞻性预防 研究并使用多维度的认知行为方法， 包括AS的知识，促进AS的替代品（营养和 运动），以及阻力和沟通技巧训练。 程序 在个人、同伴、成人和环境层面进行干预。 在02、03、04和05学年，所有学生在36岁时都参加了足球运动。 高中将被随机分配到两组中的一组： 1)20次干预：12次在课堂上，8次每周一次 运动训练周期或2）最小信息控制。 干预组件将由教练，同行和认证提供 运动教练 干预措施将每年重复一次， 运动员，每年为返回的运动员提供额外的助推器会议 在03年，04年和05年。 教练、家长和同伴教育者将 接受有关计划目标和实施的指导。 将在干预之前和之后进行问卷调查 并在年底进行后续行动，以评估可用性、知识、态度， 意图使用和使用AS和其他药物。 态度和行为 关于营养和锻炼的问题将被研究，沿着 人口统计学，抵抗技能，环境因素，内心 结构、同伴影响和人体测量。 程序 将通过录音带、观察、 和调查。 该计划针对的调解员之间的联系 将研究药物的组成和减少药物使用。 的关系 积极和消极结果的干预组成部分 （知识、态度、意图和行为）将被确定。 的 研究将确定AS使用的保护和风险因素，并提供 了解如何以及在什么条件下可以使用AS 防止。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: Anabolic steroid (AS) use has many detrimental health effects. Nevertheless, adolescent use, especially among those engaged in high school (HS) football, is increasing. AS availability has varied between 32 and 60%, with use increasing from 1.1% to 5.7% during the period 1987-1991 in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. During 1987, for every 36 HS football players claiming steroid availability, one student used AS. This increased to one player using AS for every 6 reporting availability in 1991. Over 250,000 adolescents are using or have used AS in the United States. The aim of this proposal is to develop and evaluate a school-based AS prevention program designed to prevent initiation and use of AS and other drugs among high risk adolescents. The intervention is based on five years of prospective prevention research and uses a multidimensional, cognitive-behavioral approach, including knowledge of AS, promoting AS alternatives (nutrition and exercise), and resistance and communication skill training. The program intervenes at the individual, peer, adult and environmental levels. In study years 02, 03, 04, and 05 all students engaged in football at 36 high schools will be randomly assigned by school to one of two groups: 1) a 20 session intervention: 12 in a classroom setting and 8 weekly exercise training periods or 2) a minimum information control. Intervention components will be delivered by coaches, peers and certified athletic trainers. The intervention will be repeated annually for new players, with additional yearly booster sessions for returning athletes during years 03, 04 and 05. Coaches, parents and peer educators will receive instruction on program objectives and implementation. Questionnaires will be administered prior to and after the intervention and at year-end follow-up, to assess availability, knowledge, attitudes, intent to use and use of AS and other drugs. Attitudes and behaviors concerning nutrition and exercise will be examined, along with demographics, resistance skills, environmental factors, intrapsychic constructs, peer influences and anthropometric measures. Program implementation and its effects will be assessed by audiotape, observation and surveys. The link between mediators targeted by the program components and reduction of drug use will be studied. The relationship of intervention components with positive and negative outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, intent and behaviors) will be determined. The study will identify protective and risk factors for AS use and provide an understanding of how and under what conditions AS use can be prevented.