DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS

嗅觉受体神经元的动态特性

• 批准号: 2126561
• 负责人: EDWARD E MORRISON
• 金额: $ 11.13万
• 依托单位: AUBURN UNIVERSITY AT AUBURN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-12-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2126561
• 关键词: age difference; animal old age; autoradiography; biomarker; cell migration; cerebellar cortex; cerebral cortex; chemoreceptors; ectoderm; flow cytometry; histology; immunofluorescence technique; laboratory rat; light microscopy; nervous system regeneration; nervous system transplantation; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurogenesis; neurons; newborn animals; olfactions; parietal lobe /cortex; respiratory epithelium; scanning electron microscopy; spinal cord; spinal cord injury; transmission electron microscopy

The olfactory system has several characteristics that make it favorable to study nerve cell development and replacement in the mammalian central nervous system. Olfactory neuroepithelium has the remarkable capacity to reconstitute olfactory receptor neurons. This is possible due to a persistent population of stem cells (neuroblast) that have the capacity to produce new neurons (neurogenesis) for the life of the individual. Thus, olfactory neurons are the exception to neuron dogma, and neuron replacement is possible, even in the adult. The factors that control neural regeneration of the olfactory system are not fully understood. The remarkable capacity of producing new neurons is of wide interest not only with respect for chemosensory function but also their use as a model system for the study of neuron replacement. There is still much to be learned about olfactory system regeneration and, transplantation techniques can provide a valuable approach to studying structure and function. Experiments are planned to remove olfactory receptor neurons from the nasal cavity and place them in different brain regions of neonatal and old age host animals. Anatomical, autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques will provide a comprehensive assessment of the capacity and limits of neurogenesis, nerve cell development, axon growth and plasticity of transplanted olfactory neurons. If donor neurons develop and integrate with host neural tissue, then the possibility of forming new synaptic connections exists. These provide a source of new neurons for the brain, a most significant finding. This project will contribute new information that will lead to a better understanding of the olfactory system and could provide the foundation for new strategies for treating neuron loss due to aging (smell, taste, hearing), injury and disease, such as Alzheimer's.

嗅觉系统有几个特点，使它成为有利的 研究哺乳动物神经细胞的发育和替代 中枢神经系统。嗅神经上皮细胞具有显著的 重建嗅觉感受器神经元的能力。这是可能的 由于干细胞(神经母细胞)的持续种群具有 在生命中产生新神经元的能力(神经发生) 个人的。因此，嗅觉神经元是神经元教条的例外， 神经元替换是可能的，即使在成年人身上也是如此。影响因素 控制嗅觉系统神经再生的基因并不完全 明白了。 产生新神经元的非凡能力引起了广泛的兴趣 不仅在化学感官功能方面，而且它们作为 一个研究神经元替换的模型系统。仍然有 有很多关于嗅觉系统再生的知识需要学习， 移植技术可以为研究提供一种有价值的方法 结构和功能。计划进行消除嗅觉的实验 来自鼻腔的感受器神经元，并将它们放置在不同的 新生和老年宿主动物的大脑区域。从解剖学上讲， 放射自显影和免疫细胞化学技术将提供 神经发生能力和限度的综合评估， 移植后神经细胞发育、轴突生长及可塑性 嗅觉神经元。如果供体神经元发育并与宿主整合 神经组织，然后形成新的突触连接的可能性 是存在的。这些细胞为大脑提供了新的神经元来源，最 重大发现。 这个项目将提供新的信息，将导致更好的 对嗅觉系统的理解，可以提供基础 有关治疗因老化(嗅觉、味觉、 听力)、损伤和疾病，如阿尔茨海默氏症。