SMELL AND TASTE CENTER

本申请是对6月提交给NIDCD的一份提案的修订 1,1992，继续支持宾夕法尼亚大学气味 和味觉中心，美国第一个临床研究中心 致力于化学感官的研究。这一交叉学科 中心成立于1980年，主要有三个目标：第一，提供 科研活动的物质资源和智力环境 与了解、诊断、治疗和管理 化学感觉障碍；第二，提供临床评估、治疗 以及对经历这类障碍的患者进行咨询；第三， 对科学家、临床医生和学生进行基础和应用培训 化学感受器科学的各个方面。根据这些目标，我们将， 在即将到来的赠款期间，(A)扩大数据库管理 中心核心设施的能力(丰富的研究资源 病因、自然病史、临床表现和治疗 化学感觉障碍)和(B)在以下方面采取重大新举措 四个主要研究领域中的每一个：(I)开发和应用 临床嗅觉诊断试验，(Ii)磁共振成像 嗅觉系统(III)兴奋性和突触组织 主嗅球的抑制性离心性传入和(Iv) 神经内分泌因素与脑功能调节机制的研究进展 嗅觉测试电池，(B)定量分析，使用磁感应 嗅球、嗅束和高级脑的磁共振成像(MRI) 多个嗅觉障碍患者组中的区域(例如， 阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症、头部损伤患者以及 先天性无嗅觉障碍)，(C)评估 定量核磁共振测量和最新的心理物理测量 嗅觉功能：(D)术前术后纵向 颞叶切除后嗅觉功能的评估 顽固性癫痫患者的额叶皮质组织(E) 不同类型嗅觉测试相关性的评价 (例如，气味检测、辨别和记忆的测试) 各种患者群体，包括家族性帕金森氏症， 肌萎缩侧索硬化症，多发性梗死性痴呆，精神分裂症， 视网膜色素变性、Usher综合征和假性甲状旁腺功能减退症，(F) 多巴胺和胆碱能药物对味觉影响的研究 大鼠的嗅觉功能，(G)在动物模型中对 雌激素、皮质类固醇和抗氧化剂的预防作用 关于嗅觉毒性物质引起的嗅觉功能障碍，以及(H)和 阐明(I)胆碱能神经的特殊解剖关系 和GABA能离心纤维和(II)离散神经元群 在嗅球内。总体而言，这些临床和基础研究 节目将导致更好地理解味觉和 气味对健康和疾病的影响，以及更有效的诊断、管理、 以及化学感觉障碍患者的治疗。

This application is a revision of a proposal submitted to NIDCD on June 1, 1992, for continued support of the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, the first Clinical Research Center in the United States devoted to the study of the chemical senses. This interdisciplinary center was founded in 1980 with three major goals in mind: first, provide the physical resources and intellectual milieu for research activities related to the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and management of chemosensory disorders; second, to provide clinical evaluation, treatment and counseling of patients experiencing such disorders; and third, to train scientists, clinician, and students in both basic and applied aspects of chemoreception science. In light of these goals, we will, during the coming grant period, (a) expand the database management capabilities of the Center's Core facility (a rich resource for study of the etiology, and natural history, clinical manifestations, and treatment of chemosensory disorders) and (b) embark on major new initiatives within each of four primary research areas: (i) Development and Application of Clinical Olfactory Diagnostic Tests, (ii) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Olfactory System (iii) Synaptic Organization of Excitatory and Inhibitory Centrifugal Inputs to the Main Olfactory Bulb and (iv) Neuroendocrine Factors and Brain Mechanisms in the Modulation of Olfactory test battery, (b) the quantitative analysis, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of olfactory bulbs, tracts and higher brain regions in a number of patients groups with olfactory dysfunction (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, head injury patients, and congenital anosmic), (c) an assessment of relationships between quantitative MRI measures and state-of-the-art psychophysical measures of olfactory function, (d) pre- and post-operative longitudinal assessment of olfactory function following resection of temporal and frontal cortical tissue in patients with intractable epilepsy, (e) evaluation of correlations among different types of olfactory tests (e.g., test of odor detection, discrimination and memory) in a wide variety of patient populations, including familial Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multi-infarct dementia, schizophrenia, retinitis pigmentosa, Usher's syndrome, and pseudohypoparathyroidism, (f) studies of the influences of dopaminergic and cholinergic drugs on taste and smell function of rats, (g) an assessment, in an animal model, of prophylactic influences of estrogens, corticosteroids, and antioxidants on olfactory dysfunction stemming from olfactotoxicants, and (h) an elucidation of specific anatomical relationships between (i) cholinergic and GABAergic centrifugal fibers and (ii) discrete neuronal populations within the olfactory bulb. Overall, these clinical and basic research programs will lead to a better understanding of the sense of taste and smell in health and disease, and to more effective diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with chemosensory disorders.