ADOLESCENT HEALTH--ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL MODELS

青少年健康调查的第二部分调查了青少年 健康行为，使用行为遗传学方法将遗传与 环境影响。 环境影响进一步分离 由共享环境引起的环境变化（例如，让 兄弟姐妹一样）和由非共享环境引起的（例如，让 兄弟姐妹不同）。 具体的、可衡量的环境机制， 过程也将进行调查。 行为遗传样本包括 同卵双胞胎，异卵双胞胎，半- 兄弟姐妹，和无关的孩子一起长大，所有三个 类别（M-M，F-F和F-M）的生物学完全兄弟姐妹。 不包括 全同胞，此样本的大小为每种类型500对（2，000 兄弟姐妹对或4，000个个体）。 完全同级对的数量 每个类别将超过250对兄弟姐妹。 据推测，两个 与健康有关的措施，性经验和问题行为，将有 一个重要的共同环境差异组成部分。共享方差 预计重叠同龄群体中的兄弟姐妹的比例将增加。 社区特征（例如，离婚率）， 共同的环境影响。 身体健康行为 被认为是高度遗传的， 方差 环境背景对青春期发育的影响 （Belsky假设）。IQ之间的协变，非 智力人格特征和青少年健康行为将是 分摊到综合差异组成部分。 它是假设 遗传成分是这种共变的主要来源。

This subcontract of the Adolescent Health Survey investigates adolescent health behaviors using behavior genetic methods to separate genetic from environmental influences. Environmental influences are further separated into environmental variance caused by shared environment (e.g., makes siblings alike) and into that caused by nonshared environment (e.g., makes siblings different). Specific, measured environmental mechanisms and processes also will be investigated. The behavior genetic sample consists of same-sex kinship pairs; namely, identical twins, fraternal twins, half- siblings, and unrelated children reared together, and of all three categories (M-M, F-F, and F-M) of biological full siblings. Excluding full siblings, the size of this sample is 500 pairs of each type (2,000 sibling pairs or 4,000 individuals). The number of full sibling pairs will exceed 250 sibling pairs per category. It is hypothesized that two health-related measures, sexual experience and problem behavior, will have a substantial shared environmental variance component. The shared variance component is expected to increase for siblings in overlapping peer groups. community characteristics (e.g., % divorced) are expected to mediate the shared environmental effect on these outcomes. Physical health behaviors are expected to be highly heritable with little shared environmental variance. Environmental contextual effects on pubertal development (Belsky hypothesis) will be evaluated. Covariation among IQ, non- intellectual personality traits, and adolescent health behaviors will be apportioned to the composite variance components. It is hypothesized that the genetic component is a major source of this covariation.