AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE AND JOB STRESS IN NURSES

这个项目的总体目标是研究工作压力对 职业女性的心血管系统。通过学习护理，一名 以女性为主的职业，其特点是经常更换工作和 早期的职业倦怠，我们计划评估工作压力对24- 女护士(20-30岁)的小时动态血压和心率 年)在工作日和非工作日在自然条件下学习。 为了达到这个目标，我们将研究300名注册护士。我们假设 护理压力与血液水平升高有关 工作压力对下班后血压升高的影响 在睡眠期间，甚至可能导致在远离睡眠的日子里水平升高 工作，从而增加高血压和其他疾病的风险 心血管和健康并发症。不仅整体上更高 工作压力水平预计会影响平均血压水平， 但我们预计整个工作日的血压会急剧升高。 与已知的特定情况联系在一起 给护士带来压力(例如，紧急情况；与 病人、其他护士和医生)。我们预计，预测的 应对工作压力的血压升高将取决于 我们计划研究的调节因素的数量：护士的婚姻 地位，家里年幼的孩子，帮助做家务的丈夫， 来自家庭、同事和个人的社会支持 人格特征。-此外，我们还将比较血压 不同工作岗位护士对工作压力的心率反应 专科(急诊、普通内科/外科、重症监护)、 预测这份工作与最大压力(紧急情况)有关 护理)将伴随着血压的最大幅度的上升 在工作和非工作期间。儿茶酚胺类药物的评价 皮质醇将有助于确定潜在的机制。因为 提示雌激素可能起到预防冠心病的作用 疾病，我们还将评估月经周期对血液的影响 压力，通过研究黄体期和卵泡期的女性。 预计在此期间，血压和心率都会更高 黄体多于卵泡期。这项调查的结果 应该增加我们关于生理和健康结果的信息 工作压力，直到最近，这个领域要么排斥女性，要么失败 来分析性别差异。

The overall goal of this project is to study the effects of job stress on the cardiovascular system of working women. By studying nursing, a predominantly female profession characterized by frequent job turnover and early burnout, we plan to evaluate the contributions of job stress to 24- hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in women nurses (ages 20-30 years) studied under natural conditions on work days and on non-work days. To satisfy this goal, we will study 300 registered nurses. We hypothesize that stress in nursing is associated with elevated levels of blood pressure at work which spill over to blood pressure elevations after work and during sleep and may even lead to increased levels on days away from work, thereby increasing the risk of hypertension along with other cardiovascular and health complications. Not only are higher overall levels of job stress expected to influence average blood pressure levels, but we expect acute blood pressure elevations throughout the working day to be associated with specific situations known to be particularly stressful for nurses (i.e., emergency situations; interactions with patients, other nurses, and physicians). We expect that the predicted blood pressure rise in response to job stress will be dependent on a number of moderating factors which we plan to study: a nurse's marital status, young children at home, a husband who helps in household chores, social support from one's family and co-workers, and individual personality characteristics. -In addition, we will compare blood pressure and heart rate responses to job stress in nurses in differing job specializations (emergency, general medical/surgical, intensive care), with the prediction that the job associated with highest stress (emergency nursing) will be accompanied by the greatest increases in blood pressure during work and non-work periods. Evaluations of catecholamines and cortisol will help to determine underlying mechanisms. Because of the suggestion that estrogen may serve as a protection against coronary heart disease, we will also evaluate the influence of menstrual cycle on blood pressure, by studying women during both the luteal and follicular phases. Both blood pressure and heart rate are expected to be higher during the luteal than during the follicular phase. The results of this Investigation should add to our information on the physiological and health outcomes of job stress, an area which until recently either excluded women or failed to analyze gender differences.