CONTEXTUAL CONTROL OF OPIATE EFFECTS

这项拟议的研究将审查导致 一般药物滥用的开始和维持，以及鸦片依赖 尤其是。本提案的主要概念涉及 环境(语境)、有机体和影响之间的相互作用 阿片类药物，并侧重于条件性线索和语境线索如何影响 毒品的行为。分析中利用了毒品这一强大的工具 辨别学习在经典条件反射过程中的应用 (有区别的条件味觉厌恶)，以及操纵者 程序(区分两个键响应)。具体地说，动物将是 接受过检测不同剂量水平的吗啡的培训，然后 对作为药物功能的歧视性刺激效应的评估-- 和语境制约。将在此中使用的实验设计 分析包括遮蔽、阻止、潜在抑制或预 曝光效应、反向学习、消光以及随机性 增援训练。这些现象将在不同的 上下文，涉及不同的条件历史，并使用上面的 旨在对这种交互作用进行实验分析的设计 效果。特别强调的是变化的分析 灭绝过程中的背景线索。这些研究的目的是为了 提供对学习之间复杂交互作用的理解 涉及药物摄入的事件，以及伴随而来的上下文 情况。因此，彻底检查这些复杂的相互作用 是必要的，以便充分理解和理解 毒品行为和毒瘾。

The proposed research will examine factors that contribute to the initiation and maintenance of drug abuse in general, and opiate dependence in particular. The key concept for the present proposal concerns the interaction between environment (context), the organism, and the effects of opiates, and focuses on how conditioning and contextual cues affect the actions of drugs. The analysis makes use of the powerful tool of drug discrimination learning applied to a classical conditioning procedure (discriminated conditioned taste aversion), as well as to an operant procedure (discriminated two key responding). Specifically animals will be trained to detect morphine at different dose levels, followed by assessments of the discriminative stimulus effects as a function of drug- and contextual conditioning. The experimental designs to be used in this analysis include overshadowing, blocking, latent inhibition or pre- exposure effect, reversal learning, extinction, as well as random reinforcement training. These phenomena will be examined under varying contexts, involving different conditioning histories, and using the above designs which are aimed at the experimental analysis of such interactive effects. A particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of varying contextual cues during extinction. The studies are designed in order to provide an understanding of the complex interactions between a learning episode involving drug intake, and the accompanying contextual circumstances. Thus, a thorough examination of these complex interactions is necessary in order to fully understand and appreciate the complexity of drug actions and addiction.