CELL POLARITY AND CYTOSKELETAL TRANSPORT IN DROSOPHILA

果蝇的细胞极性和细胞骨架运输

• 批准号: 2771038
• 负责人: Thomas S Hays
• 金额: $ 13.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2771038
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; cell differentiation; cellular polarity; cytology; cytoskeleton; dynein ATPase; gene mutation; immunoelectron microscopy; in situ hybridization; intracellular transport; kinesin; laboratory mouse; laboratory rabbit; laboratory rat; light microscopy; microtubules; molecular cloning; myosins; oogenesis; phase contrast microscopy; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; site directed mutagenesis

Cell polarity or asymmetry is a universal feature of animal cells that is fundamental to the development and morphogenesis of all organisms. For developmental biologists the recognition that determinants prelocalized within the oocyte act to control axial polarities and cell fates within the embryo has focused great interest on the identity of those determinants and the mechanism of their localization. The unidirectional movements of the microtubule-associated motors, dyneins, and kinesins, provide an important mechanism for the positioning of cellular organelles and molecules. This mechanism may underlie the polarized transport and targeting of morphogenetic determinants within oocytes and embryos. The proposed research will test this hypothesis. Our previous analysis of recessive lethal dynein mutations has indicated that dynein function is required during oogenesis. Moreover, an aymmetric accumulation of the dynein motor to, and within, the oocyte is disrupted by mutations in genes that are required for oocyte specification and differentiation. Our planned experiments will (1) characterize the cytological and molecular phenotypes of oocytes that are mutant for dynein function, (2) test the hypothesis that cytoskeletal polarity is an underlying component of oocyte asymmetry which accounts for dynein accumulation and localization within the oocyte, and (3) to extend our genetic and molecular analyses of the pathways for cytoskeletal transport in oogenesis. Overall, these studies are designed to enhance understanding of the roles of motor proteins in the specification of embryonic axes in the fly egg chamber in articular and the generation of cell olarity in general.

细胞极性或不对称性是动物细胞的普遍特征，即 对所有生物体的发育和形态发生都很重要。为 发育生物学家认识到决定因素预先局部化 在卵母细胞内部控制轴向极性和细胞命运 胚胎将极大的兴趣集中在这些人的身份上 决定因素及其本地化机制。单向的 微管相关的马达、动力蛋白和运动蛋白的运动， 为细胞器的定位提供重要的机制 和分子。这一机制可能是极化传输和 以卵母细胞和胚胎内的形态发生决定因素为靶点。这个 拟议中的研究将检验这一假设。我们之前对 隐性致死性动力蛋白突变表明动力蛋白功能是 在卵子发生过程中需要的。此外，一个向量累加 动力蛋白运动到卵母细胞，以及在卵母细胞内，被基因突变破坏 这是卵母细胞规范和分化所必需的。我们的 计划中的实验将(1)表征细胞学和分子 动力蛋白功能突变的卵母细胞表型，(2)测试 细胞骨架极性是卵母细胞的基本成分的假说 不对称，导致动力蛋白在体内积聚和定位 卵母细胞，以及(3)扩展我们的遗传和分子分析 卵子发生过程中细胞骨架运输的途径。总体而言，这些研究 旨在提高对马达蛋白在 关节苍蝇卵室内胚轴的规范 以及一般细胞极性的产生。